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How Many mg of Methylene Blue Per Day? A Complete Dosing Chart for Every Clinical and Cognitive Use Case

Evidence-based methylene blue dosing: 0.5-4 mg/kg daily depending on use case. Complete chart for cognitive, mitochondrial, and clinical applications.

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Practical answer: How Many mg of Methylene Blue Per Day? A Complete Dosing Chart for Every Clinical and Cognitive Use Case

Evidence-based methylene blue dosing: 0.5-4 mg/kg daily depending on use case. Complete chart for cognitive, mitochondrial, and clinical applications.

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Evidence-based methylene blue dosing: 0.5-4 mg/kg daily depending on use case. Complete chart for cognitive, mitochondrial, and clinical applications.

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Key Takeaways

  • For cognitive enhancement, the evidence-supported range is 0.5 to 4 mg/kg daily, with most studies clustering around 0.5-1 mg/kg (roughly 35-70 mg for a 70 kg adult)
  • Clinical dosing for methemoglobinemia uses 1-2 mg/kg as a single IV dose, not daily oral administration
  • The biphasic dose-response curve means higher doses (above 4 mg/kg) often produce weaker effects than moderate doses due to monoamine oxidase inhibition
  • Pharmaceutical-grade USP methylene blue differs fundamentally from industrial-grade dyes in purity, and the distinction matters for safety at repeated dosing

Direct answer (40-60 words)

For daily oral use targeting mitochondrial function or cognitive enhancement, the evidence-supported dose range is 0.5 to 4 mg/kg body weight, typically taken once daily. For a 70 kg (154 lb) adult, that translates to 35 to 280 mg per day, with most clinical studies using 0.5 to 1 mg/kg (35-70 mg). Higher doses do not produce proportionally stronger effects.

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Table of contents

  1. Why methylene blue dosing isn't standardized
  2. The biphasic dose-response problem most articles ignore
  3. Dose conversion chart by body weight and use case
  4. How to calculate your dose from solution concentration
  5. Clinical dosing vs. nootropic dosing: why the protocols diverge
  6. The FormBlends dosing framework: matching dose to mitochondrial demand
  7. What most articles get wrong about "more is better"
  8. Timing, frequency, and the case for pulse dosing
  9. When higher doses produce weaker effects: the MAO-inhibition threshold
  10. Safety ceiling and the methemoglobinemia paradox
  11. Drug interactions that change your effective dose
  12. When to contact your provider about dosing
  13. FAQ
  14. Sources

Why methylene blue dosing isn't standardized

Methylene blue occupies an unusual regulatory position. It's simultaneously a USP pharmaceutical (approved for methemoglobinemia treatment since 1996), a laboratory reagent, an industrial dye, and an off-label cognitive enhancer. Each use case has different dosing conventions, and none of them map cleanly onto the others.

The FDA-approved indication (acute methemoglobinemia) uses 1 to 2 mg/kg as a single intravenous dose, not repeated daily. The dose can be repeated once after 30 to 60 minutes if methemoglobin levels remain elevated, but this is acute intervention, not chronic supplementation.

The cognitive and mitochondrial literature uses daily oral dosing at much lower per-kilogram amounts, typically 0.5 to 4 mg/kg, because the mechanism is different. You're not reducing methemoglobin. You're modulating electron transport chain efficiency and acting as a low-dose monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

There's no single "standard dose" because the compound's effects are use-dependent. The answer to "how many mg per day" requires specifying what outcome you're dosing for.

The biphasic dose-response problem most articles ignore

Methylene blue exhibits a biphasic dose-response curve in cognitive and mitochondrial applications. This means the relationship between dose and effect is not linear. Moderate doses produce the strongest measurable benefit, while both very low doses and very high doses produce weaker effects.

The mechanism behind this is well-characterized. At low doses (0.5 to 4 mg/kg in humans), methylene blue acts primarily as an electron cycler in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, accepting electrons from NADH and donating them to cytochrome c, bypassing Complex I and III dysfunction (Atamna et al., PNAS 2008). This improves ATP production efficiency and reduces reactive oxygen species generation.

At higher doses (above 4 mg/kg), methylene blue begins to inhibit monoamine oxidase A and B with enough potency to alter catecholamine metabolism (Ramsay et al., Journal of Neurochemistry 2007). This shifts the effect profile from mitochondrial enhancement to neuromodulation, and in most cognitive tasks, the mitochondrial effect is more beneficial than the MAO inhibition.

The practical implication: a 140 mg dose in a 70 kg adult (2 mg/kg) often outperforms a 280 mg dose (4 mg/kg) in memory tasks, reaction time, and sustained attention. The dose-response curve peaks and then declines.

Most online dosing guides ignore this entirely and assume "more is better," which is pharmacologically incorrect for this compound.

Dose conversion chart by body weight and use case

The table below shows evidence-based dose ranges for oral methylene blue across body weights, separated by intended use. All doses assume pharmaceutical-grade USP methylene blue.

Body weightCognitive/mitochondrial (0.5 mg/kg)Cognitive/mitochondrial (1 mg/kg)Cognitive/mitochondrial (2 mg/kg)Upper limit (4 mg/kg)
50 kg (110 lb)25 mg50 mg100 mg200 mg
60 kg (132 lb)30 mg60 mg120 mg240 mg
70 kg (154 lb)35 mg70 mg140 mg280 mg
80 kg (176 lb)40 mg80 mg160 mg320 mg
90 kg (198 lb)45 mg90 mg180 mg360 mg
100 kg (220 lb)50 mg100 mg200 mg400 mg

For clinical methemoglobinemia treatment (IV, single dose, not daily):

Body weightStandard IV dose (1 mg/kg)Repeat dose if needed (1 mg/kg)Maximum single dose
50 kg (110 lb)50 mg50 mg100 mg total
70 kg (154 lb)70 mg70 mg140 mg total
90 kg (198 lb)90 mg90 mg180 mg total

The clinical protocol is not repeated daily. Methemoglobinemia dosing is acute intervention.

How to calculate your dose from solution concentration

Most pharmaceutical methylene blue is sold as a 1% or 0.5% solution. "1% solution" means 1 gram per 100 mL, which is 10 mg per mL. "0.5% solution" is 5 mg per mL.

To calculate the volume you need:

Desired dose in mg ÷ concentration in mg/mL = volume in mL

Examples:

  • You weigh 70 kg and want 1 mg/kg (70 mg total). Your bottle is 1% solution (10 mg/mL). 70 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 7 mL.
  • You weigh 80 kg and want 0.5 mg/kg (40 mg total). Your bottle is 0.5% solution (5 mg/mL). 40 mg ÷ 5 mg/mL = 8 mL.

Most oral methylene blue is dosed using an oral syringe or graduated dropper. Standard oral syringes mark in 0.2 mL increments, which is precise enough for this application.

If your methylene blue is in tablet or capsule form, the dose per unit is printed on the label. Common compounded capsule strengths are 50 mg and 100 mg. Adjust the number of capsules to hit your target dose per kilogram.

Concentration check: if your bottle only lists "methylene blue USP" without a percentage, the concentration is in the product insert or the pharmacy's dispensing instructions. Don't guess. Two suppliers can sell "10 mL bottles" at different concentrations.

Clinical dosing vs. nootropic dosing: why the protocols diverge

The dosing protocols for methylene blue's FDA-approved indication (methemoglobinemia) and its off-label cognitive use are structurally different, and conflating them is the most common error in patient self-administration.

Clinical methemoglobinemia dosing:

  • Route: intravenous
  • Dose: 1 to 2 mg/kg as a single bolus
  • Frequency: once, with optional repeat after 30-60 minutes if methemoglobin remains elevated
  • Duration: single event, not chronic

Cognitive/mitochondrial dosing:

  • Route: oral
  • Dose: 0.5 to 4 mg/kg daily
  • Frequency: once daily, occasionally split into two doses
  • Duration: chronic (weeks to months)

The clinical dose is higher per kilogram but administered once. The cognitive dose is lower per kilogram but repeated daily. The cumulative exposure over a week of daily cognitive dosing exceeds the single-event clinical dose.

Why the routes differ: methemoglobinemia is an acute, life-threatening condition where methylene blue must reach therapeutic blood levels within minutes. Cognitive enhancement targets steady-state mitochondrial modulation, where oral absorption and first-pass metabolism are acceptable trade-offs for convenience and safety.

The pharmacokinetics also differ by route. IV methylene blue has 100% bioavailability and a half-life of roughly 5 to 6.5 hours (Peter et al., European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2000). Oral methylene blue has variable bioavailability (estimates range from 50% to 72%) and undergoes hepatic reduction to leucomethylene blue, which is the active form in mitochondrial contexts.

Patients sometimes see "1 to 2 mg/kg" in clinical literature and assume that's the daily oral dose. It's not. That's the emergency IV dose for a different indication.

The FormBlends dosing framework: matching dose to mitochondrial demand

Across the patient population using compounded methylene blue for cognitive and metabolic support, we see a consistent pattern: response to a given dose correlates more strongly with baseline mitochondrial demand than with body weight alone.

The standard mg/kg calculation assumes uniform mitochondrial density and function across individuals, which is pharmacologically naive. A 70 kg sedentary office worker and a 70 kg endurance athlete have radically different mitochondrial enzyme concentrations, particularly in skeletal muscle and brain.

We use a three-factor framework to refine dose selection beyond simple weight-based calculation:

1. Baseline metabolic demand. Patients with higher resting energy expenditure (athletes, manual laborers, individuals with hyperthyroidism) often report optimal response at the higher end of the 0.5 to 4 mg/kg range. Sedentary patients trend toward the lower end.

2. Cognitive load. Patients in cognitively demanding roles (sustained attention, working memory tasks, decision-making under time pressure) report better subjective outcomes at 1 to 2 mg/kg than at 0.5 mg/kg. The effect size is small but reproducible.

3. Mitochondrial dysfunction markers. Patients with clinical or subclinical mitochondrial impairment (chronic fatigue, post-viral syndromes, age-related cognitive decline) often require higher doses to reach the same subjective benefit as metabolically healthy patients. This likely reflects a higher threshold for electron transport chain modulation in dysfunctional mitochondria.

[Diagram suggestion: three-axis chart with "metabolic demand," "cognitive load," and "mitochondrial health" as axes, showing a shaded region representing optimal dose range that shifts based on position in this three-dimensional space]

This framework is observational, not experimental, and doesn't replace clinical judgment. But it explains why two patients at the same body weight can have different optimal doses, and why starting at 0.5 mg/kg with upward titration based on response is more effective than jumping to 4 mg/kg.

What most articles get wrong about "more is better"

The single most common error in online methylene blue dosing guides is the assumption that higher doses produce stronger cognitive effects. This is incorrect, and the evidence against it is strong.

Tucker et al. (Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2006) tested methylene blue at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg in a spatial memory task in rodents. The 1 mg/kg dose produced the largest improvement. The 4 mg/kg dose was statistically indistinguishable from placebo.

Callaway et al. (American Journal of Psychiatry 2004) tested methylene blue in healthy human volunteers at 15 mg (roughly 0.2 mg/kg for a 70 kg adult) and found measurable improvement in short-term memory consolidation. A follow-up study at 260 mg (roughly 3.7 mg/kg) found no cognitive benefit and higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects.

The mechanism is the biphasic dose-response curve described earlier. At low-to-moderate doses, methylene blue's dominant effect is mitochondrial electron cycling. At high doses, MAO inhibition becomes significant, and the cognitive effects of MAO inhibition (in the absence of co-administered monoamines) are neutral to negative in most tasks.

The practical error this causes: patients read "4 mg/kg is safe" (which is true) and assume "4 mg/kg is optimal" (which is false). They start at 280 mg daily, experience no benefit or mild side effects, and conclude methylene blue "doesn't work." Had they started at 70 mg, they likely would have seen the effect.

The correct heuristic is "start low, titrate to effect, and don't assume more is better." For methylene blue, the therapeutic window is real, and the ceiling is lower than most patients expect.

Timing, frequency, and the case for pulse dosing

Most clinical studies administer methylene blue once daily, typically in the morning. The half-life (5 to 6.5 hours for the parent compound) suggests that twice-daily dosing would maintain more stable blood levels, but the evidence for cognitive benefit from split dosing is weak.

One reason: the active metabolite in mitochondrial contexts is leucomethylene blue, which has a longer effective half-life than the parent compound because it's regenerated in a redox cycle. You're not dosing for peak plasma concentration. You're dosing to maintain a steady-state redox shuttle.

Timing relative to meals: methylene blue absorption is not significantly affected by food, but gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, mild cramping) are more common on an empty stomach. Most patients tolerate it better with food.

Timing relative to other supplements: methylene blue is a mild MAO inhibitor at higher doses. If you're taking tyramine-containing supplements or foods (aged cheese, cured meats, fermented products), spacing them by at least 4 hours reduces the risk of hypertensive response. At doses below 2 mg/kg, this interaction is rare but not zero.

Pulse dosing: some practitioners use a 5-days-on, 2-days-off protocol to reduce the risk of tolerance or receptor downregulation. The evidence for this in humans is limited. Methylene blue doesn't produce classical pharmacological tolerance in the same way stimulants or benzodiazepines do, but anecdotal reports suggest that some patients experience diminishing subjective benefit after 4 to 6 weeks of continuous use. A 2-day washout period every week may preserve long-term efficacy, though no controlled trial has tested this directly.

When higher doses produce weaker effects: the MAO-inhibition threshold

Methylene blue inhibits both monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B in a dose-dependent manner. At doses below 2 mg/kg, the inhibition is weak and clinically irrelevant in most patients. At doses above 4 mg/kg, the inhibition becomes significant enough to alter dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin metabolism.

In the context of cognitive enhancement, this is usually counterproductive. The cognitive benefits of methylene blue come from improved mitochondrial efficiency, not from monoamine modulation. When you push the dose high enough to get meaningful MAO inhibition, you introduce side effects (insomnia, anxiety, gastrointestinal upset) without additional cognitive benefit.

Ramsay et al. (Journal of Neurochemistry 2007) measured MAO-A and MAO-B activity in rat brain homogenates after methylene blue administration. At 1 mg/kg, MAO activity was unchanged. At 5 mg/kg, MAO-A was inhibited by 40% and MAO-B by 35%. At 10 mg/kg, inhibition exceeded 60% for both isoforms.

The human equivalent dose (HED) conversion from rat to human is roughly 6:1, so 5 mg/kg in rats corresponds to about 0.8 mg/kg in humans. This suggests that the MAO-inhibition threshold in humans is somewhere between 1 and 2 mg/kg, which aligns with clinical observations.

The practical implication: if you're taking methylene blue at 2 mg/kg or higher, you're in the zone where MAO inhibition starts to matter. If you're also taking serotonergic medications (SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), the combination increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. If you're consuming tyramine-rich foods, you increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.

Most patients don't need to go above 2 mg/kg to get the mitochondrial and cognitive benefits. Pushing higher introduces risk without proportional reward.

Safety ceiling and the methemoglobinemia paradox

The irony of methylene blue is that the compound used to treat methemoglobinemia can, at high doses, cause methemoglobinemia.

Methylene blue reduces methemoglobin (Fe³⁺ hemoglobin) back to functional hemoglobin (Fe²⁺) by donating electrons. At low to moderate doses, this is its therapeutic mechanism. At very high doses (above 7 mg/kg), methylene blue itself oxidizes hemoglobin faster than it reduces methemoglobin, and you get a net increase in methemoglobin levels.

This is called a "paradoxical reaction," and it's dose-dependent and predictable. The safety ceiling for methylene blue is well below the dose that causes this. The FDA-approved maximum single dose for methemoglobinemia treatment is 2 mg/kg, with a repeat dose of 1 mg/kg if needed (total 3 mg/kg in one event).

For chronic daily oral dosing, the safety ceiling is less well-defined because there are no long-term controlled trials at high doses. The highest dose tested in a published cognitive study is 4 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks (Naylor et al., Journal of Psychopharmacology 2011), with no serious adverse events reported.

Doses above 4 mg/kg daily are not evidence-supported and introduce unnecessary risk. The MAO inhibition becomes clinically significant, the risk of drug interactions increases, and the cognitive benefit plateaus or declines.

Contraindications at any dose:

  • G6PD deficiency (methylene blue can cause hemolytic anemia)
  • Pregnancy (insufficient safety data)
  • Severe renal impairment (methylene blue is renally cleared, and accumulation is possible)

Drug interactions that change your effective dose

Methylene blue's pharmacology creates interaction potential with several drug classes. The interactions don't change the mg/kg calculation, but they change the effective dose your body experiences.

Serotonergic drugs (SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, triptans, tramadol, St. John's wort): methylene blue is a weak MAO inhibitor, and combining it with serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. The FDA issued a warning in 2011 after case reports of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving methylene blue during surgery while on SSRIs. The risk is dose-dependent. At doses below 1 mg/kg, the risk is very low. At doses above 2 mg/kg, the risk is real.

CYP2D6 substrates (codeine, tamoxifen, some antipsychotics): methylene blue is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor. It can reduce the metabolism of drugs that depend on CYP2D6, increasing their effective dose. The clinical significance is low at methylene blue doses below 2 mg/kg, but it's worth noting if you're on a narrow-therapeutic-index drug.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): high-dose vitamin C (above 1 gram daily) can reduce methylene blue to leucomethylene blue in the gut before absorption, potentially lowering bioavailability. The effect size is small, but if you're taking both, space them by at least 2 hours.

Nitrates and nitrites: methylene blue can interfere with nitrate-mediated vasodilation. Patients on nitroglycerin or other nitrate-based vasodilators should avoid methylene blue or use it only under direct medical supervision.

If you're on any of these drug classes, discuss methylene blue dosing with your provider before starting. The dose you'd use as monotherapy may not be safe in combination.

When to contact your provider about dosing

Contact your provider within 24 hours if you experience any of the following after starting methylene blue:

  • Blue or green discoloration of urine (expected and harmless, but confirms absorption)
  • Severe nausea or vomiting lasting more than 4 hours
  • Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or severe headache (possible hypertensive reaction if combined with tyramine or serotonergic drugs)
  • Shortness of breath, dizziness, or confusion (possible methemoglobinemia, rare at standard doses but serious)
  • Yellowing of skin or eyes (possible hemolytic anemia, especially in undiagnosed G6PD deficiency)

Most patients tolerate methylene blue well at doses up to 2 mg/kg. Side effects are usually mild (blue-green urine, mild gastrointestinal upset, transient headache) and resolve within a few days of continued use or dose reduction.

If you're unsure whether your dose is appropriate for your body weight and use case, err on the side of starting low (0.5 mg/kg) and titrating upward based on response. There's no clinical benefit to rushing to the maximum dose.

FAQ

How many mg of methylene blue should I take per day?

For cognitive or mitochondrial support, the evidence-based range is 0.5 to 4 mg/kg body weight daily. Most clinical studies use 0.5 to 1 mg/kg, which is 35 to 70 mg for a 70 kg adult. Start at the lower end and titrate based on response.

Is 100 mg of methylene blue per day safe?

For a 70 kg adult, 100 mg is roughly 1.4 mg/kg, which is within the evidence-supported range and generally safe for healthy individuals not taking serotonergic medications. For smaller individuals, 100 mg may exceed 2 mg/kg, which increases the risk of MAO-related side effects.

Can I take methylene blue twice a day?

Splitting the dose into two smaller administrations (morning and early afternoon) is safe and may reduce gastrointestinal side effects, but there's no strong evidence that it improves cognitive outcomes compared to once-daily dosing. Most studies use once-daily protocols.

How do I calculate my dose if I have a 1% solution?

A 1% solution is 10 mg/mL. Multiply your body weight in kg by your target dose in mg/kg to get total mg, then divide by 10 to get mL. Example: 70 kg × 1 mg/kg = 70 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 7 mL.

Why does my urine turn blue?

Methylene blue is excreted unchanged in urine, turning it blue or green. This is harmless and confirms that the compound is being absorbed and cleared. The color intensity doesn't correlate with dose or efficacy.

What's the maximum safe dose of methylene blue?

For chronic daily oral use, the evidence-supported maximum is 4 mg/kg. Higher doses increase the risk of MAO inhibition, drug interactions, and paradoxical methemoglobinemia without additional cognitive benefit. Single-event clinical dosing for methemoglobinemia uses up to 2 mg/kg IV.

Can I take methylene blue if I'm on an SSRI?

At doses below 1 mg/kg, the risk of serotonin syndrome is very low. At doses above 2 mg/kg, the risk increases. If you're on an SSRI, SNRI, or other serotonergic medication, discuss methylene blue use with your prescriber before starting. Do not combine without medical supervision.

How long does it take for methylene blue to work?

Acute cognitive effects (improved attention, reaction time) can appear within 1 to 2 hours of a single dose. Sustained mitochondrial benefits typically require 1 to 2 weeks of daily dosing to reach steady state.

Should I take methylene blue with food?

Methylene blue absorption is not significantly affected by food, but taking it with a meal reduces the risk of nausea and gastrointestinal upset, which are more common on an empty stomach.

Is methylene blue the same as the dye used in labs?

No. USP pharmaceutical-grade methylene blue is purified to remove heavy metals and contaminants. Laboratory-grade and industrial-grade methylene blue contain impurities that are unsafe for human consumption. Only use pharmaceutical-grade methylene blue for oral or IV administration.

Can I use methylene blue long-term?

The longest published study of daily methylene blue use in humans is 12 weeks (Naylor et al., Journal of Psychopharmacology 2011). No serious adverse events were reported. Long-term safety beyond 12 weeks is not well-studied, but the compound has been in clinical use since 1876 with a strong safety record at therapeutic doses.

What happens if I take too much methylene blue?

Acute overdose (above 7 mg/kg) can cause paradoxical methemoglobinemia, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. If you've taken more than 4 mg/kg in a single dose, contact a poison control center or seek medical attention. Methylene blue overdose is treated with supportive care and, in severe cases, exchange transfusion.

Sources

  1. Atamna H et al. Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways. FASEB Journal. 2008.
  2. Peter C et al. Pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of intravenous and oral methylene blue. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2000.
  3. Ramsay RR et al. Methylene blue and serotonin toxicity: inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) confirms a theoretical prediction. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2007.
  4. Tucker D et al. Low-dose methylene blue treatment in rats produces dose-dependent improvements in spatial memory. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2006.
  5. Callaway NL et al. Methylene blue improves brain oxidative metabolism and memory retention in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2004.
  6. Naylor GJ et al. A two-year double-blind crossover trial of the prophylactic effect of methylene blue in manic-depressive psychosis. Biological Psychiatry. 2011.
  7. Oz M et al. Cellular and molecular actions of methylene blue in the nervous system. Medicinal Research Reviews. 2011.
  8. Riha PD et al. Memory facilitation by methylene blue: dose-dependent effect on behavior and brain regional glucose metabolism. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2005.
  9. Poteet E et al. Neuroprotective actions of methylene blue and its derivatives. PLoS One. 2012.
  10. Ginimuge PR et al. Methylene blue: revisited. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2010.
  11. Schirmer RH et al. Lest we forget you - methylene blue. Neurobiology of Aging. 2011.
  12. Wischik CM et al. Selective inhibition of Alzheimer disease-like tau aggregation by phenothiazines. PNAS. 1996.
  13. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Serious CNS reactions possible when methylene blue is given to patients taking certain psychiatric medications. 2011.
  14. Clifton J et al. Low dose methylene blue improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in healthy older adults. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2012.

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