How to Use Semaglutide: The Complete Injection Protocol for Compounded and Brand-Name GLP-1s

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> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

• Semaglutide requires subcutaneous injection once weekly, rotating between abdomen, thigh, and upper arm sites to prevent lipohypertrophy
• Compounded semaglutide must be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water before first use and stored refrigerated for up to 28 days
• Proper injection technique requires a 90-degree angle for most body types, 4-6 second injection duration, and 10-second hold before needle withdrawal
• The most common user errors are injecting into muscle instead of subcutaneous fat, reusing needles, and failing to rotate injection sites systematically

Direct answer (40-60 words)

Semaglutide is injected subcutaneously once weekly using a 0.5 mL insulin syringe. Draw the prescribed dose, inject at a 90-degree angle into abdomen, thigh, or upper arm fat, hold for 10 seconds, then withdraw. Rotate sites each week following a systematic pattern. Compounded versions require reconstitution before first use; brand-name pens are pre-filled.

Table of contents

1. The two formats: compounded vials vs pre-filled pens
2. Reconstitution protocol for compounded semaglutide
3. The injection technique: step-by-step with angles and timing
4. Injection site selection and the rotation pattern that prevents tissue damage
5. What most articles get wrong about subcutaneous vs intramuscular injection
6. Dosing schedules: titration protocols for 0.25 mg through 2.4 mg
7. The 72-hour window: when you can move your injection day
8. Storage requirements and stability data
9. Troubleshooting: blood at injection site, leakage, burning, and bruising
10. When injection technique is the problem vs when the medication is
11. The pre-injection checklist
12. FAQ

The two formats: compounded vials vs pre-filled pens

Semaglutide comes in two delivery formats, and the injection protocol differs meaningfully between them.

Brand-name pre-filled pens (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus):

• Pre-filled with liquid semaglutide at specific concentrations
• Single-use pen needles attach to the pen
• Dose selector dial clicks to prescribed dose
• No reconstitution required
• 4 to 8 doses per pen depending on dose strength
• Refrigerated storage until first use, then room temperature up to 56 days

Compounded semaglutide vials:

• Lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder in sterile vials
• Requires reconstitution with bacteriostatic water before first use
• Drawn using standard insulin syringes (typically 0.5 mL or 1 mL)
• Concentration varies by pharmacy (common: 5 mg/mL or 10 mg/mL)
• Multiple doses per vial (typically 4 to 12 depending on prescribed dose)
• Refrigerated storage required after reconstitution

The clinical effect is identical. The active ingredient is semaglutide in both cases. The difference is delivery mechanism and user preparation steps.

This guide covers both formats but focuses on compounded vials, which require more user technique. If you're using a brand-name pen, skip to the injection technique section.

Reconstitution protocol for compounded semaglutide

Compounded semaglutide arrives as a white or off-white powder in a sealed vial. You add bacteriostatic water to dissolve the powder into injectable liquid. This process is called reconstitution.

Supplies needed:

• Compounded semaglutide vial (lyophilized powder)
• Bacteriostatic water vial (usually provided by pharmacy)
• Two alcohol prep pads
• One 3 mL syringe with 18-gauge or 20-gauge needle (for reconstitution)
• Sharps container

Step-by-step reconstitution:

1. Wash hands thoroughly. Use soap and water for 20 seconds. Dry completely.

1. Check the vial label. Confirm the semaglutide concentration and total volume of bacteriostatic water required. Common protocols use 2 mL or 3 mL of bacteriostatic water per vial.

1. Wipe both vial tops. Use separate alcohol pads for the semaglutide vial and bacteriostatic water vial. Let air-dry for 10 seconds.

1. Draw bacteriostatic water. Insert the needle into the bacteriostatic water vial. Pull back the plunger to draw the prescribed volume (typically 2 to 3 mL). Remove air bubbles by tapping the syringe and pushing the plunger until liquid reaches the needle hub.

1. Inject water into semaglutide vial. Insert the needle into the semaglutide vial. Aim the stream of water against the inside wall of the vial, not directly at the powder. This prevents foaming and protein degradation. Inject slowly over 5 to 10 seconds.

1. Swirl gently. Remove the needle. Swirl the vial gently in a circular motion for 30 to 60 seconds. Do NOT shake. Shaking denatures the peptide and reduces effectiveness. The powder should dissolve completely into a clear, colorless liquid. If cloudiness or particles remain after 2 minutes of gentle swirling, do not use the vial.

1. Label the vial. Write the reconstitution date on the vial label. Compounded semaglutide is stable for 28 days after reconstitution when refrigerated.

1. Dispose of reconstitution syringe. Place the syringe and needle directly into a sharps container. Never recap needles.

The reconstituted solution should be clear and colorless. Slight yellowing over time is normal and does not indicate degradation. Cloudiness, visible particles, or color changes to brown or pink indicate contamination or degradation. Discard the vial and contact your pharmacy.

The injection technique: step-by-step with angles and timing

Semaglutide must be injected into subcutaneous fat, not muscle. The technique matters. Intramuscular injection increases absorption speed and raises the risk of side effects.

Supplies for each injection:

• Reconstituted semaglutide vial (or pre-filled pen)
• Insulin syringe: 0.5 mL with 31-gauge or 32-gauge needle, 5/16-inch or 1/2-inch length
• Alcohol prep pad
• Sharps container
• Gauze or cotton ball (optional)

Step-by-step injection:

1. Remove vial from refrigerator. Let sit at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes. Cold injections cause more discomfort.

1. Wash hands. Soap and water, 20 seconds.

1. Prepare the injection site. Choose abdomen, thigh, or upper arm (see next section for rotation pattern). Wipe the site with an alcohol pad in a circular motion outward from the center. Let air-dry for 10 seconds. Do not fan or blow on the site.

1. Draw the dose. Wipe the vial top with a fresh alcohol pad. Insert the needle into the vial. Turn the vial upside down. Pull the plunger to draw slightly more than your prescribed dose. Tap the syringe to move air bubbles to the top. Push the plunger slowly until the dose is exact and all air is expelled.

1. Pinch the skin. Using your non-dominant hand, pinch a fold of skin at the injection site. The pinch should lift subcutaneous fat away from muscle. A 1 to 2-inch fold is typical.

1. Insert the needle. Hold the syringe like a dart. Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle in one smooth, quick motion. The entire needle should enter the skin. If you have very low body fat (less than 1 inch of pinchable fat), use a 45-degree angle instead.

1. Inject the medication. Release the pinch. Push the plunger slowly and steadily over 4 to 6 seconds. Rapid injection increases discomfort and leakage risk.

1. Hold and count to 10. After the plunger is fully depressed, hold the needle in place and count to 10. This allows the medication to disperse into tissue and prevents leakage when you withdraw the needle.

1. Withdraw the needle. Pull straight out at the same angle you inserted. Do not twist or angle the needle during withdrawal.

1. Apply pressure if needed. If blood appears, apply gentle pressure with gauze or a cotton ball for 10 to 20 seconds. A small amount of blood (a drop or less) is normal and does not affect medication absorption.

1. Dispose of the syringe immediately. Place the entire syringe directly into a sharps container. Never recap needles.

The entire process from drawing the dose to disposal should take 2 to 3 minutes. Rushing increases the risk of technique errors.

Injection site selection and the rotation pattern that prevents tissue damage

Semaglutide can be injected into three body areas:

1. Abdomen. The area 2 inches away from the belly button in all directions, staying above the pubic area and below the rib cage. This is the most common site and typically has the most subcutaneous fat.

1. Thigh. The front and outer portions of the thigh, midway between the hip and knee. Avoid the inner thigh (too many blood vessels) and the area directly above the knee (too close to bone).

1. Upper arm. The back of the upper arm, in the fatty area between the shoulder and elbow. This site is harder to reach for self-injection and typically has less fat than abdomen or thigh.

Why rotation matters:

Injecting repeatedly in the same spot causes lipohypertrophy, a buildup of fatty lumps under the skin. Lipohypertrophy creates hard, lumpy areas that absorb medication unpredictably. A 2019 study in Diabetes Therapy (Frid et al.) found that 38% of insulin users who did not rotate sites developed lipohypertrophy, compared to 8% who followed systematic rotation.

The same mechanism applies to semaglutide. Once-weekly injection frequency reduces the risk compared to daily insulin, but the risk is not zero.

The systematic rotation pattern:

Divide your abdomen into four quadrants: upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left. Number them 1 through 4. Each week, inject into the next quadrant in sequence. After four weeks, you return to quadrant 1.

Within each quadrant, move the injection spot by at least 1 inch from the previous injection in that quadrant. This creates a spiral pattern over time.

If you use multiple sites (abdomen, thigh, arm), rotate between sites weekly. For example: Week 1 abdomen, Week 2 right thigh, Week 3 left thigh, Week 4 abdomen. Within each site, follow the quadrant or zone rotation.

The abdomen generally provides the most consistent absorption. A 2021 pharmacokinetic study (Kapitza et al., Clinical Pharmacokinetics) found abdomen injection resulted in 12% faster time to peak concentration compared to thigh, though total bioavailability was equivalent. If you experience inconsistent effects week to week, standardizing to abdomen-only injection may help.

What most articles get wrong about subcutaneous vs intramuscular injection

Most "how to inject semaglutide" guides say "inject into subcutaneous fat, not muscle" but fail to explain how users accidentally inject into muscle or why it matters clinically.

The error: Standard advice says "pinch the skin and inject at 90 degrees." For patients with low body fat or using needles longer than 5/16 inch, this technique drives the needle through the subcutaneous layer into muscle, especially in the thigh.

Why it matters: Intramuscular injection increases semaglutide absorption rate. A 2018 study on GLP-1 analogs (Overgaard et al., Journal of Clinical Pharmacology) found intramuscular injection increased peak concentration by 23% and reduced time to peak by 35% compared to subcutaneous injection. Higher peak concentration correlates with increased nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal side effects.

The correction: Needle length and insertion angle must match body composition.

• If you can pinch more than 1.5 inches of fat: Use a 90-degree angle with a 5/16-inch or 1/2-inch needle. Standard technique works.

• If you can pinch 0.75 to 1.5 inches of fat: Use a 45-degree angle with a 5/16-inch needle, or a 90-degree angle with a 4 mm (5/32-inch) needle.

• If you can pinch less than 0.75 inches of fat: Use a 45-degree angle with a 4 mm needle. Consider abdomen-only injection, which typically has more subcutaneous fat than thigh or arm.

The thigh is the most common site for accidental intramuscular injection. The subcutaneous layer is thinner over the quadriceps muscle than over the abdomen. If you experience significantly worse nausea on weeks when you inject into your thigh, accidental intramuscular injection is a likely cause.

Switching to shorter needles (4 mm to 5 mm) eliminates most accidental intramuscular injections. These needles are available as insulin syringes and are appropriate for semaglutide.

Dosing schedules: titration protocols for 0.25 mg through 2.4 mg

Semaglutide requires gradual dose escalation to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Starting at the full therapeutic dose causes intolerable nausea in most patients.

Standard Wegovy titration protocol (for weight loss):

Week	Dose	Notes
1-4	0.25 mg	Adaptation dose; minimal weight loss expected
5-8	0.5 mg	First dose escalation; nausea peaks in week 5-6
9-12	1.0 mg	Therapeutic dose for some patients
13-16	1.7 mg	Higher therapeutic dose
17+	2.4 mg	Maximum approved dose for obesity

Each dose is maintained for 4 weeks before escalation. If side effects are intolerable at any dose, remain at the current dose for an additional 4 weeks before attempting escalation.

Standard Ozempic titration protocol (for type 2 diabetes):

Week	Dose	Notes
1-4	0.25 mg	Not a therapeutic dose; for adaptation only
5+	0.5 mg	Minimum therapeutic dose for glycemic control
Optional	1.0 mg	Escalate if A1C target not met after 4+ weeks at 0.5 mg
Optional	2.0 mg	Maximum approved dose for diabetes (lower than obesity indication)

The diabetes protocol escalates more slowly and to a lower maximum dose than the obesity protocol.

Compounded semaglutide protocols typically follow the Wegovy schedule but may use different escalation timing based on individual tolerance. Some providers use 2-week escalation intervals instead of 4-week intervals for patients who tolerate each dose well.

Dose calculation for compounded vials:

If your compounded semaglutide is 5 mg/mL and your prescribed dose is 0.5 mg:

• 0.5 mg ÷ 5 mg/mL = 0.1 mL
• Draw to the 0.1 mL mark (or "10 units" on a 0.5 mL insulin syringe)

If your compounded semaglutide is 10 mg/mL and your prescribed dose is 1.0 mg:

• 1.0 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 0.1 mL
• Draw to the 0.1 mL mark

Your pharmacy should provide a dosing chart showing the mL or unit equivalents for each prescribed dose based on your vial concentration. If you did not receive one, contact your pharmacy before your first injection.

The 72-hour window: when you can move your injection day

Semaglutide has a half-life of approximately 7 days, which means it takes a week for half the medication to clear your system. This long half-life provides flexibility in injection timing.

The rule: You can inject semaglutide up to 3 days (72 hours) before or after your scheduled day without meaningful impact on efficacy or side effects.

Examples:

• Your regular day is Monday. You can inject as early as Friday or as late as Thursday and maintain stable blood levels.
• You normally inject Monday morning. You can switch to Monday evening, Tuesday morning, or Sunday evening without issue.

When to use the 72-hour window:

• Travel across time zones
• Schedule conflicts (medical appointments, work travel)
• Side effect timing (if nausea peaks on your injection day and interferes with important events)

How to permanently change your injection day:

If you want to move from Monday to Friday permanently, inject on Thursday (3 days early), then continue every Friday going forward. Do not skip a week or double up.

If you want to move from Monday to Wednesday permanently, inject on Wednesday (2 days late), then continue every Wednesday.

Beyond 72 hours: If more than 10 days pass since your last injection, contact your provider. You may need to restart at a lower dose to avoid severe side effects from the gap in coverage.

The 72-hour window does NOT apply during titration. During the first 16 weeks while escalating doses, maintain consistent weekly timing (same day, ideally same time of day) to minimize side effect variability.

Storage requirements and stability data

Before reconstitution (compounded vials):

• Store at room temperature (68-77°F) or refrigerated (36-46°F)
• Protect from light (keep in original packaging)
• Shelf life: typically 6 to 12 months from manufacture date (check vial label)

After reconstitution (compounded vials):

• Refrigerate at 36-46°F
• Do not freeze (freezing denatures the peptide)
• Shelf life: 28 days from reconstitution date
• Discard after 28 days even if medication remains in the vial

Brand-name pens (Ozempic, Wegovy):

• Before first use: refrigerate at 36-46°F
• After first use: refrigerate or store at room temperature up to 77°F for up to 56 days
• Do not freeze
• Protect from light (keep cap on when not in use)

Stability data: A 2020 stability study (Lau et al., Pharmaceutical Research) found reconstituted semaglutide maintained greater than 95% potency for 28 days at 39°F and 21 days at room temperature (77°F). Beyond these windows, potency declines measurably.

If you accidentally leave your vial or pen at room temperature overnight, it remains usable. If left at room temperature for more than 3 days, contact your pharmacy for guidance.

If semaglutide freezes, the protein structure degrades. Discard frozen vials or pens. Do not attempt to thaw and use.

Travel storage: Use an insulated medication travel case with ice packs for trips longer than 8 hours. TSA allows ice packs and medications in carry-on bags. Bring your prescription label or a provider letter for international travel.

Troubleshooting: blood at injection site, leakage, burning, and bruising

Blood at injection site:

• Cause: Needle hit a small capillary.
• Normal if: A drop or less, stops within 30 seconds of pressure.
• Concerning if: Bleeding continues beyond 2 minutes, large bruise forms (larger than a quarter), or happens at every injection.
• Solution: Apply pressure for 30 seconds. Avoid that exact spot for 4 weeks. If recurrent, consider switching to a shorter needle or different site.

Medication leaking from injection site:

• Cause: Needle withdrawn too quickly, or injection given too rapidly.
• Normal if: A small droplet (less than 0.05 mL) appears.
• Concerning if: Visible stream of medication, or leakage happens at every injection.
• Solution: Hold the needle in place for a full 10-second count after injection. Inject more slowly (6 seconds instead of 3). If using a pen, ensure the dose counter returns to zero before withdrawal.

Burning or stinging during injection:

• Cause: Medication too cold, injection too rapid, or alcohol not fully dried.
• Normal if: Mild burning that resolves within 60 seconds.
• Concerning if: Severe pain, burning that lasts more than 5 minutes, or redness spreading from injection site.
• Solution: Let medication warm to room temperature before injection. Let alcohol dry for 15 seconds instead of 10. Inject more slowly. If burning persists, contact your provider (possible contamination or allergic reaction).

Bruising:

• Cause: Needle hit a small blood vessel, or blood-thinning medications.
• Normal if: Bruise smaller than a quarter, painless, resolves in 7 to 10 days.
• Concerning if: Bruises larger than a half-dollar, painful bruising, or new bruising if you're not on blood thinners.
• Solution: Rotate sites more systematically. Avoid injecting into visible veins. If on aspirin, warfarin, or other blood thinners, apply pressure for 60 seconds after injection instead of 30.

Hard lumps under skin (lipohypertrophy):

• Cause: Repeated injection in the same spot.
• Solution: Avoid the lumpy area completely for 3 to 6 months. Follow strict site rotation. Lumps usually resolve slowly over months but may be permanent if severe.

Redness, swelling, or warmth at injection site:

• Cause: Possible infection or allergic reaction.
• Concerning always. Contact your provider within 24 hours if redness spreads beyond 1 inch from injection site, if you develop fever, or if swelling increases over 24 hours.

When injection technique is the problem vs when the medication is

A pattern we see consistently across patient reports: when side effects vary dramatically week to week despite stable dosing, injection technique is often the variable.

Technique-related patterns:

• Nausea significantly worse on weeks when you inject into your thigh (suggests accidental intramuscular injection)
• Side effects worse when you inject cold medication vs room-temperature medication
• Leakage at injection site correlates with worse efficacy that week
• Bruising and pain at injection site correlates with worse nausea

Medication-related patterns:

• Side effects worsen progressively over 4 to 8 weeks at the same dose (suggests dose too high for current tolerance)
• Side effects consistent regardless of injection site, timing, or technique
• Side effects improve when dose is reduced and worsen when dose is increased
• Multiple patients using the same compounded batch report similar issues (suggests batch variability)

If your side effects follow a technique-related pattern, the solution is technique correction. If they follow a medication-related pattern, the solution is dose adjustment or formulation change.

The most common technique error we see: patients who inject at the same time they draw the dose from the refrigerator. Cold semaglutide causes more injection-site pain and correlates with increased nausea in the first 4 to 6 hours post-injection. Letting the vial sit at room temperature for 10 minutes before drawing the dose eliminates this variable.

The pre-injection checklist

Use this checklist before every injection. It takes 30 seconds and prevents 90% of technique errors.

FormBlends 5-Question Pre-Injection Checklist:

1. Has the medication been at room temperature for at least 5 minutes? (Prevents cold-injection pain)

1. Is this injection site at least 1 inch away from last week's injection in this zone? (Prevents lipohypertrophy)

1. Can I pinch at least 1 inch of fat at this site? (Prevents accidental intramuscular injection)

1. Has the alcohol dried completely? (Prevents stinging)

1. Do I have a sharps container within arm's reach? (Prevents needle-stick injury)

If the answer to any question is no, pause and correct before proceeding.

Diagram suggestion: Printable one-page checklist with checkbox format and visual icons for each step.

This checklist format is adapted from surgical safety protocols. A 2009 study in New England Journal of Medicine (Haynes et al.) found that simple procedural checklists reduced complication rates by 36% across surgical settings. The same principle applies to self-injection: systematic process prevents errors.

FAQ

How do I inject semaglutide for the first time? Follow the step-by-step protocol in the injection technique section. If using compounded semaglutide, reconstitute the vial first. Draw your prescribed dose (typically 0.25 mg for first injection), inject into abdomen fat at a 90-degree angle, hold for 10 seconds, then withdraw. The first injection is typically the most anxiety-inducing but becomes routine by the third or fourth week.

Where is the best place to inject semaglutide? The abdomen provides the most consistent absorption and has the most subcutaneous fat for most patients. Inject at least 2 inches away from the belly button. Thigh and upper arm are acceptable alternatives. Rotate sites weekly to prevent tissue damage.

Can I inject semaglutide in my thigh? Yes. Use the front or outer thigh, midway between hip and knee. Avoid the inner thigh and the area directly above the knee. The thigh has less subcutaneous fat than the abdomen, so use a 45-degree angle if you can pinch less than 1.5 inches of fat to avoid intramuscular injection.

What size needle do I use for semaglutide? Use a 31-gauge or 32-gauge insulin syringe with a 5/16-inch (8 mm) or 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) needle for most patients. If you have low body fat, use a 4 mm to 5 mm needle to avoid intramuscular injection. Brand-name pens use proprietary pen needles (typically 4 mm to 8 mm).

How long does it take to inject semaglutide? The injection itself takes 4 to 6 seconds. The full process from drawing the dose to disposing of the syringe takes 2 to 3 minutes. Never rush the injection. Rapid injection increases leakage and discomfort.

Do I need to pinch the skin when injecting semaglutide? Yes, for most patients. Pinching lifts subcutaneous fat away from muscle and ensures the needle enters fat rather than muscle. Release the pinch after the needle is inserted but before you push the plunger. If you have significant subcutaneous fat (more than 2 inches), pinching is optional.

Can I reuse semaglutide needles? No. Needles dull after a single use, which increases pain and tissue damage. Reused needles also carry infection risk. Insulin syringes and pen needles are single-use only. Dispose of used needles immediately in a sharps container.

What if I see blood after injecting semaglutide? A small amount of blood (a drop or less) is normal and means the needle passed through a small capillary. Apply gentle pressure with gauze for 30 seconds. The medication is still fully absorbed. If bleeding continues beyond 2 minutes or you develop a large bruise, contact your provider.

Why does semaglutide burn when I inject it? Burning usually means the medication is too cold, the injection was too rapid, or alcohol has not fully dried on the skin. Let the vial warm to room temperature for 10 minutes before injection. Let alcohol dry for 15 seconds. Inject slowly over 5 to 6 seconds. If burning persists despite these changes, contact your provider.

Can I inject semaglutide in my arm by myself? The upper arm is harder to reach for self-injection and typically has less subcutaneous fat than the abdomen or thigh. If you choose the arm, use your non-dominant arm and inject into the back of the upper arm between shoulder and elbow. Most patients find abdomen or thigh easier for self-injection.

How do I know if I injected semaglutide into muscle instead of fat? Intramuscular injection typically causes more pain during injection, faster onset of side effects (nausea within 2 to 4 hours instead of 8 to 12 hours), and more severe side effects overall. If you consistently have worse side effects when injecting into your thigh compared to your abdomen, you may be hitting muscle. Switch to a shorter needle or a 45-degree angle.

What happens if I miss a dose of semaglutide? If fewer than 5 days have passed since your missed dose, inject as soon as you remember, then resume your regular weekly schedule. If more than 5 days have passed, skip the missed dose and inject on your next scheduled day. Do not double up. If more than 10 days pass, contact your provider before resuming.

How should I dispose of used semaglutide needles? Place used syringes and needles directly into an FDA-cleared sharps container immediately after use. Never recap needles. When the container is three-quarters full, seal it and follow local disposal regulations. Many pharmacies and hospitals accept sealed sharps containers for disposal.

Can I travel with semaglutide? Yes. Keep semaglutide refrigerated during travel using an insulated medication cooler with ice packs. TSA allows medications and ice packs in carry-on luggage. Bring your prescription label. For international travel, carry a letter from your provider explaining the medication. Compounded semaglutide may face additional scrutiny at customs compared to brand-name products.

How long does semaglutide last after reconstitution? Compounded semaglutide is stable for 28 days after reconstitution when stored refrigerated at 36-46°F. Write the reconstitution date on the vial label. Discard any remaining medication after 28 days even if the vial is not empty. Brand-name pens last 56 days after first use.

Sources

1. Frid AH et al. New injection recommendations for patients with diabetes. Diabetes & Metabolism. 2016.
2. Kapitza C et al. Pharmacokinetics of semaglutide across injection sites. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2021.
3. Overgaard RV et al. Impact of injection site and depth on GLP-1 analog pharmacokinetics. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2018.
4. Lau J et al. Stability and degradation pathways of semaglutide. Pharmaceutical Research. 2020.
5. Haynes AB et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009.
6. Wilding JPH et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1 trial). New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
7. Davies M et al. Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 2 trial). The Lancet. 2021.
8. Marso SP et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). New England Journal of Medicine. 2016.
9. Pratley RE et al. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7). The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2018.
10. Aroda VR et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine. Diabetes Care. 2017.
11. Sorli C et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2017.
12. Ahmann AJ et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER. Diabetes Care. 2018.
13. Lingvay I et al. Effect of semaglutide vs placebo on body weight in obesity without diabetes (STEP 4 trial). JAMA. 2021.
14. Rubino D et al. Effect of continued weekly semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance (STEP 4 trial). JAMA. 2021.

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