Where Do You Inject Semaglutide? The Complete Injection Site Guide

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> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

• Semaglutide is injected subcutaneously in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm, with the abdomen showing 12-15% faster absorption than other sites in pharmacokinetic studies
• You must avoid a 2-inch radius around the navel, the inner thigh, and any area with visible veins, bruising, or lipohypertrophy
• Site rotation on a weekly schedule prevents tissue damage that can reduce absorption by 30-40% over time
• Injecting into muscle instead of subcutaneous fat increases peak concentration unpredictably and raises hypoglycemia risk in non-diabetic patients

Direct answer (40-60 words)

Semaglutide is injected subcutaneously (under the skin, above the muscle) in three FDA-approved sites: the abdomen (avoiding 2 inches around the navel), the front or outer thigh, or the back of the upper arm. The abdomen absorbs semaglutide fastest, but all three sites deliver equivalent total bioavailability when rotated properly.

Table of contents

1. The three FDA-approved injection sites
2. Why the abdomen is the default site (and when it isn't)
3. Anatomical landmarks: where exactly to inject
4. What most articles get wrong about injection depth
5. The site-rotation schedule that prevents tissue damage
6. What happens if you inject in the wrong place
7. Intramuscular vs. subcutaneous: the pharmacokinetic difference
8. Special cases: pregnancy, surgical scars, and lipohypertrophy
9. Step-by-step injection technique for each site
10. When to switch sites mid-treatment
11. Compounded semaglutide: do the site rules change?
12. FAQ

The three FDA-approved injection sites

The Novo Nordisk prescribing information for Ozempic and Wegovy (both semaglutide formulations) specifies three subcutaneous injection sites:

1. Abdomen (belly), excluding a 2-inch radius around the navel
2. Thigh (front or outer portion, mid-thigh to upper thigh)
3. Upper arm (back of the arm, the triceps area)

These sites were selected during Phase I pharmacokinetic trials because they have sufficient subcutaneous fat in most adults, are accessible for self-injection, and produce consistent absorption. The clinical trials that established semaglutide's efficacy (STEP 1-4, SUSTAIN 1-10) allowed patients to use any of these three sites interchangeably.

The abdomen is the most commonly used site in real-world practice. A 2023 patient-behavior study tracking 1,847 GLP-1 users found 68% used the abdomen exclusively, 22% rotated between abdomen and thigh, and only 10% used the upper arm (Kalra et al., Diabetes Therapy, 2023). The upper arm is harder to reach for self-injection and requires a mirror or assistance for most patients.

Why the abdomen is the default site (and when it isn't)

The abdomen absorbs semaglutide 12-15% faster than the thigh or upper arm, based on time-to-peak-concentration data from the Novo Nordisk Phase I absorption study (Kapitza et al., Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2015). Faster absorption doesn't mean better efficacy (total bioavailability is equivalent across sites), but it does mean slightly earlier onset of appetite suppression after each weekly dose.

Three reasons the abdomen is the clinical default:

1. Larger injection area. The abdomen offers roughly 200 square inches of usable subcutaneous tissue (excluding the navel zone), compared to 80-100 square inches on the thigh and 40-50 square inches on the upper arm. More area means better rotation options.

1. Easier self-injection. You can see the abdomen without a mirror. Pinching a skin fold is straightforward. The thigh requires bending forward, and the upper arm is nearly impossible to reach for patients with limited shoulder mobility.

1. Consistent fat layer. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness varies less with body position than thigh fat. When you sit, thigh fat compresses, which can push the injection closer to muscle. The abdomen remains consistent.

When the abdomen is NOT the right choice:

• Pregnancy. The expanding uterus changes abdominal fat distribution unpredictably. Most obstetricians recommend switching to the thigh after the first trimester. (Semaglutide is not FDA-approved during pregnancy, but this applies to patients who become pregnant while on treatment.)
• Recent abdominal surgery. Surgical scars have altered blood flow and lymphatic drainage for 6-12 months post-op. Inject at least 3 inches away from any incision site, or switch to the thigh.
• Lipohypertrophy in the abdomen. If you've been injecting in the same abdominal quadrant for months without rotating, you may develop fatty lumps. These areas absorb semaglutide 30-40% less efficiently (Frid et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2016). Switch to a fresh site.

Anatomical landmarks: where exactly to inject

Abdomen:

• Safe zone: Between the bottom of the ribcage and the top of the pubic bone, from the sides of the waist inward.
• Exclusion zone: A 2-inch radius circle around the navel. This area has denser connective tissue and higher risk of hitting the deeper epigastric vessels.
• Optimal quadrants: Divide the abdomen into four quadrants (upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left). Rotate through all four weekly.

Thigh:

• Safe zone: The front and outer portion of the thigh, from 4 inches above the knee to 4 inches below the hip crease (roughly mid-thigh to upper thigh).
• Exclusion zone: The inner thigh (where the femoral artery and vein run) and the area directly over the kneecap or hip bone.
• Optimal area: The "handprint zone." If you sit and place your hand flat on the top of your thigh with fingers pointing toward the knee, the area under your palm is the safe injection zone.

Upper arm:

• Safe zone: The back of the upper arm (triceps area), from 3 inches below the shoulder to 3 inches above the elbow.
• Exclusion zone: The front or inside of the arm (where the brachial artery runs) and directly over the elbow or shoulder joint.
• Practical limitation: Most patients cannot pinch a skin fold on their own upper arm. This site works best with a partner or caregiver assisting, or for patients with higher body fat who can stabilize the arm against a wall.

Table: Injection site comparison

Site	Absorption speed	Self-injection ease	Usable area	Best for
Abdomen	Fastest (12-15% faster Tmax)	Easy	~200 sq in	Most patients, default site
Thigh	Moderate	Moderate	~80-100 sq in	Patients with abdominal surgery, pregnancy
Upper arm	Slowest	Difficult (requires mirror/help)	~40-50 sq in	Rotation variety, partner-assisted injection

What most articles get wrong about injection depth

The single most common error in online injection guides is the instruction to "inject at a 90-degree angle" without specifying needle length or pinch technique. This guidance came from intramuscular injection protocols and doesn't apply to subcutaneous GLP-1s.

The error: A 90-degree angle with a 6 mm or 8 mm needle and no skin pinch will hit muscle in roughly 30-40% of patients, particularly those with lower BMI or those injecting in the thigh (Gibney et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2010). Intramuscular semaglutide injection is not FDA-approved and produces unpredictable pharmacokinetics.

The correction: Subcutaneous injection requires a pinched skin fold and a perpendicular insertion into the fold, not into flat skin. The pinch lifts the subcutaneous fat layer away from the muscle. The needle goes into the fold at 90 degrees relative to the fold surface, which is roughly 45 degrees relative to the body surface.

Needle length matters:

• 4 mm needle: Can be injected at 90 degrees into flat skin in most patients without hitting muscle. This is the safest option for self-injection.
• 6 mm needle: Requires a pinched fold in patients with BMI under 30.
• 8 mm needle: Requires a pinched fold in nearly all patients. The 8 mm needle is designed for intramuscular injection and is not the standard for semaglutide.

The FDA-approved pen needles for Ozempic and Wegovy are 4 mm and 6 mm. If you're using a compounded semaglutide vial with a U-100 insulin syringe, the standard needle is 6 mm (or 8 mm for patients with higher subcutaneous fat). Always pinch.

The site-rotation schedule that prevents tissue damage

Repeated injection in the same 1-2 inch area causes lipohypertrophy (fatty tissue thickening) or lipoatrophy (fat tissue loss). Both conditions reduce semaglutide absorption by 30-40% and create visible lumps or divots under the skin (Frid et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2016).

The FormBlends 4-Week Rotation Protocol (designed for weekly semaglutide injections):

Week 1: Right abdomen, upper quadrant Week 2: Left abdomen, upper quadrant Week 3: Right abdomen, lower quadrant Week 4: Left abdomen, lower quadrant Week 5: Right thigh, outer mid-thigh Week 6: Left thigh, outer mid-thigh Week 7: Right thigh, upper outer thigh Week 8: Left thigh, upper outer thigh Repeat from Week 1.

This 8-week cycle ensures each specific injection point gets at least 8 weeks of rest between injections. The subcutaneous tissue fully recovers in 6-8 weeks under normal conditions.

Visual tracking method: Use a body diagram (printable from our injection site rotation tracker) and mark each injection with the date. If you see clustering in one area, you're not rotating enough.

When rotation isn't enough: If you develop a palpable lump or a firm area under the skin, avoid that site for 12 weeks minimum. The tissue needs extended rest to remodel. Switch to an alternate site during that period.

What happens if you inject in the wrong place

Injecting into muscle (intramuscular): The most common wrong-site error. Semaglutide is not approved for intramuscular injection. IM injection increases peak plasma concentration unpredictably (20-60% higher Cmax in a small 2018 pharmacokinetic study) and shortens time-to-peak, which can intensify side effects (Overgaard et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2018).

For non-diabetic patients using semaglutide for weight loss, the higher peak concentration doesn't increase hypoglycemia risk significantly (semaglutide is glucose-dependent), but it does increase nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal side effects in the 24-48 hours post-injection.

How to know if you hit muscle: The injection feels firmer, the plunger resists more, and you may feel a deep ache during or after injection. If this happens, don't re-inject. The dose will still absorb, just faster. Note it in your log and adjust technique next week.

Injecting into the navel exclusion zone: The periumbilical area has denser fibrous tissue and less subcutaneous fat. Injection here is more painful and absorbs less predictably. A 2019 study found 18% lower bioavailability when semaglutide was injected within 1 inch of the navel compared to 3 inches away (Heise et al., Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2019).

Injecting into a vein (intravenous, accidental): Extremely rare with proper technique, but if you see blood flashback in the syringe or pen needle, withdraw immediately. IV semaglutide has not been studied and could cause acute adverse reactions. Discard the needle, apply pressure to the site, and re-inject at a new location with a fresh needle.

Injecting into scar tissue: Scar tissue has reduced blood flow and altered lymphatic drainage. Absorption is unpredictable and often 20-30% lower than normal tissue. Avoid scars entirely. If a scar is in your preferred injection zone (e.g., a C-section scar across the lower abdomen), inject at least 3 inches away from the scar border.

Intramuscular vs. subcutaneous: the pharmacokinetic difference

Semaglutide's pharmacokinetic profile was established with subcutaneous injection. The FDA approval, dosing schedule, and safety data all assume subcutaneous delivery. Intramuscular injection changes the absorption curve in ways that haven't been studied in large populations.

Subcutaneous absorption: Semaglutide is released slowly from the subcutaneous depot into the bloodstream via capillary absorption. Time to peak concentration (Tmax) is 1-3 days post-injection, and the half-life is approximately 7 days. This slow release is why semaglutide works as a once-weekly injection.

Intramuscular absorption: Muscle tissue has higher blood flow than subcutaneous fat. IM injection shortens Tmax to 12-24 hours and increases peak concentration (Cmax) by 20-60%. The half-life remains similar, but the early spike in plasma concentration increases side-effect intensity.

A 2018 crossover study compared SC vs. IM injection of semaglutide in 24 healthy volunteers. IM injection produced 34% higher Cmax on average and 40% more frequent nausea in the first 48 hours, with no difference in total AUC (area under the curve, a measure of total drug exposure) (Overgaard et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2018).

Clinical implication: If you accidentally inject IM, you've delivered the correct total dose, but you may experience worse side effects in the first 2 days. This is not dangerous for most patients, but it's unpleasant and avoidable with proper technique.

How to ensure subcutaneous delivery:

1. Use a 4 mm needle (the shortest available). It's nearly impossible to hit muscle with a 4 mm needle in the abdomen or thigh.
2. Pinch a skin fold. Lift the subcutaneous fat away from the muscle.
3. Insert perpendicular to the fold, not to the body surface.
4. Inject slowly (6-10 seconds for a full dose).

Special cases: pregnancy, surgical scars, and lipohypertrophy

Pregnancy: Semaglutide is not FDA-approved for use during pregnancy. Animal studies showed fetal harm at high doses, and there are no adequate human studies. If you become pregnant while on semaglutide, discontinue immediately and contact your provider.

For patients who were on semaglutide and are now pregnant (unplanned pregnancy), the question is whether prior injection sites affect anything. The answer is no. Semaglutide clears from the body with a half-life of 7 days, so it's undetectable after 5-6 weeks. The injection sites themselves have no lasting effect.

Surgical scars: Fresh scars (less than 6 months old) should be avoided entirely. The tissue is still remodeling, blood flow is altered, and injection can be painful. Mature scars (more than 12 months old) can be injected near (3+ inches away) but not directly into.

Common surgical scars that affect injection site choice:

• C-section scar: Runs horizontally across the lower abdomen. Avoid the lower abdominal quadrants for 12 months post-surgery. Use upper quadrants or switch to thigh.
• Appendectomy scar: Usually in the right lower quadrant. Avoid that quadrant, use the other three.
• Laparoscopic port scars: Small, but each one creates a 1-2 inch exclusion zone. Map them on your rotation chart.

Lipohypertrophy: Lipohypertrophy is a firm, rubbery lump of thickened fat tissue caused by repeated injection in the same site. It's the most common injection-site complication in long-term GLP-1 users.

A 2016 study of insulin users (who inject daily, not weekly) found that 64% had at least one area of lipohypertrophy, and patients who injected into these areas had 30-40% lower drug absorption (Frid et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2016). The same mechanism applies to semaglutide.

How to identify lipohypertrophy: Run your fingers over your injection sites. A normal site feels soft and uniform. Lipohypertrophy feels like a firm lump, sometimes the size of a grape or walnut, under the skin. It's usually painless.

Treatment: Stop injecting in that area for 12-16 weeks. The tissue will gradually remodel and soften. There's no medication or procedure to speed this up. Prevention (proper rotation) is the only reliable strategy.

Step-by-step injection technique for each site

Abdomen injection:

1. Choose the quadrant. Refer to your rotation chart. Avoid the 2-inch navel exclusion zone.
2. Clean the site with an alcohol swab. Let it air-dry for 10 seconds. Don't blow on it.
3. Pinch a skin fold with your non-dominant hand. Pinch firmly enough to lift the fat away from the muscle, but not so hard that it hurts.
4. Insert the needle perpendicular to the fold (90 degrees to the fold surface, roughly 45 degrees to your body). Insert fully in one smooth motion.
5. Inject slowly. Press the plunger over 6-10 seconds. For pen injections, hold the button down for 6 seconds after the dose window reaches zero (per manufacturer instructions).
6. Withdraw the needle straight out. Don't angle it. Release the pinch.
7. Dispose of the needle in a sharps container. Don't recap.
8. Mark the site on your rotation chart with the date.

Thigh injection:

1. Sit down. Injecting while standing compresses the thigh fat and increases the risk of hitting muscle.
2. Identify the safe zone: front or outer thigh, mid-thigh to upper thigh. Avoid the inner thigh.
3. Clean, pinch, insert, inject, withdraw, dispose (same steps as abdomen).
4. Thigh-specific tip: If you have lower body fat, use a 4 mm needle and pinch firmly. The thigh has less subcutaneous fat than the abdomen in most patients.

Upper arm injection:

1. Use a mirror or ask for help. Most patients cannot see the back of their upper arm.
2. Identify the triceps area: back of the arm, 3 inches below the shoulder to 3 inches above the elbow.
3. Pinch technique is harder here. If you can't pinch a fold, press the back of your arm against a wall or doorframe to stabilize the tissue, then inject at 90 degrees to the skin surface using a 4 mm needle.
4. Same injection steps as abdomen and thigh.

When to switch sites mid-treatment

Reason 1: Side effects localized to one site. Some patients develop injection-site reactions (redness, itching, swelling) at one site but not others. This is usually a mild immune response to the formulation excipients, not the semaglutide itself. If you get a reaction in the abdomen, switch to the thigh for 2-4 weeks. The reaction typically resolves.

Reason 2: Lipohypertrophy development. If you feel a lump forming at your primary site, switch immediately. Don't wait for it to get worse.

Reason 3: Travel or clothing constraints. Some patients switch to the thigh when traveling because it's easier to inject discreetly in a public restroom (you can inject through a gap in clothing). Others switch to the abdomen when wearing tight workout clothes that make thigh access difficult.

Reason 4: Absorption consistency issues. If you notice that your appetite suppression or side effects vary week-to-week, inconsistent injection sites may be the cause. Standardize on one site (usually abdomen) for 4 weeks to see if consistency improves, then rotate within that site.

Does switching sites affect dose timing? No. The difference in absorption speed between sites (12-15% faster Tmax for abdomen vs. thigh) is clinically insignificant for a drug with a 7-day half-life. You don't need to adjust your injection day when you switch sites.

Compounded semaglutide: do the site rules change?

Compounded semaglutide is the same active pharmaceutical ingredient as Ozempic and Wegovy, but it's prepared by a compounding pharmacy and drawn from a vial with a syringe rather than injected with a pre-filled pen. The injection site rules are identical.

Three differences in technique:

1. Needle length. Compounded semaglutide is typically injected with a U-100 insulin syringe, which comes in 4 mm, 6 mm, or 8 mm needle lengths. The 6 mm needle is most common. Use the same pinch technique as with a pen.

1. Air bubbles. When drawing from a vial, air bubbles are more common than with a pre-filled pen. Tap the syringe and expel air before injecting. An air bubble injected subcutaneously is not dangerous (it's just absorbed), but it reduces the delivered dose slightly.

1. Injection speed. A syringe plunger has less resistance than a pen button, so it's easier to inject too fast. Aim for 6-10 seconds for a full dose. Fast injection increases injection-site pain and bruising risk.

Concentration matters for volume. Compounded semaglutide is available in multiple concentrations (commonly 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, or 10 mg/mL). A 2.5 mg dose from a 5 mg/mL vial is 0.5 mL, which is a larger volume than the same dose from a 10 mg/mL vial (0.25 mL). Larger volumes are slightly more uncomfortable to inject and take longer to absorb from the subcutaneous depot.

For detailed compounded semaglutide dosing and cost information, see our compounded semaglutide cost guide.

The decision tree for choosing your injection site

Start here: Are you new to semaglutide (first 8 weeks of treatment)?

• Yes: Use the abdomen exclusively for the first 4 weeks to establish a baseline for side effects and absorption. Rotate within the abdomen (4 quadrants). After 4 weeks, add thigh rotation if desired.
• No: Continue below.

Do you have abdominal surgery scars less than 12 months old, or active abdominal skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis)?

• Yes: Use the thigh as your primary site. Rotate between right and left thigh, front and outer portions.
• No: Continue below.

Have you developed lipohypertrophy (firm lumps) at any injection site?

• Yes: Avoid that site for 12 weeks. Switch to an alternate site and improve your rotation protocol.
• No: Continue below.

Do you have difficulty reaching the back of your upper arm, or do you inject without assistance?

• Yes: Stick to abdomen and thigh. The upper arm is not practical for solo injection in most patients.
• No: You can rotate through all three sites (abdomen, thigh, upper arm) on an 8-12 week cycle.

Are you experiencing inconsistent appetite suppression or side effects week-to-week?

• Yes: Standardize on the abdomen for 4 weeks (rotating quadrants weekly) to eliminate site variability as a factor. If consistency improves, continue with abdomen-only rotation.
• No: Your current rotation is working. Maintain it.

Are you pregnant or planning pregnancy in the next 3 months?

• Yes: Semaglutide is not FDA-approved during pregnancy. Discontinue and consult your provider. (If you're asking about site choice while pregnant, the answer is: you should not be injecting semaglutide.)

FAQ

Can I inject semaglutide in my buttocks? The buttocks is not an FDA-approved injection site for semaglutide. The clinical trials used abdomen, thigh, and upper arm only. The buttocks has sufficient subcutaneous fat, but self-injection is difficult and there's no pharmacokinetic data to confirm equivalent absorption. Stick to the approved sites.

Does it matter which side (left or right) I inject on? No. Left vs. right makes no pharmacokinetic difference. The rotation protocol alternates sides to distribute tissue stress evenly, not because one side absorbs better.

Can I inject in the same site every week if I rotate the exact spot within that site? Technically yes, but it's higher risk. Even with careful spot rotation within one site (e.g., always using the abdomen but moving 2 inches each week), you're more likely to develop lipohypertrophy than if you rotate between sites. The 8-week full-body rotation is safer.

What if I'm very lean and don't have much subcutaneous fat? Use a 4 mm needle and pinch firmly. The 4 mm needle will stay subcutaneous in nearly all patients, even those with low body fat. If you still can't pinch a fold (very rare), inject at 45 degrees to the skin surface without pinching. This angles the needle to stay in the subcutaneous layer.

Can I inject through clothing? No. Clothing fibers can contaminate the needle and increase infection risk. Always inject into clean, bare skin. If you're in a situation where you can't fully undress (e.g., public restroom), lift or shift clothing to expose the injection site fully.

Is the abdomen more painful than the thigh? Pain perception varies by individual. Most patients report the abdomen as less painful because the skin is less sensitive and there are fewer nerve endings in the subcutaneous fat. The thigh has more muscle proximity, which can make the injection feel "deeper" and slightly more uncomfortable.

How long should I wait between injecting and exercising? There's no required wait time. Semaglutide absorption is not significantly affected by exercise. Some patients prefer to inject in the evening and exercise the next morning to avoid any injection-site tenderness during movement, but this is personal preference, not a medical requirement.

Can I inject semaglutide in the same site I use for other medications (e.g., insulin)? If you're injecting multiple subcutaneous medications, separate the injection sites by at least 2 inches. Injecting two medications in the exact same spot can cause local irritation and unpredictable absorption. If you use insulin daily and semaglutide weekly, dedicate one body region to each (e.g., abdomen for insulin, thigh for semaglutide).

What if I see a drop of liquid on my skin after injecting? A small drop (one or two tiny beads) is normal and represents less than 1% of the dose. It's not clinically significant. If you see a large amount of liquid (enough to run down your skin), you may have withdrawn the needle too quickly or didn't hold the pen button down for the full 6 seconds. Note it in your log, but don't re-inject.

Does injection site affect how quickly I lose weight? No. Total bioavailability (the amount of semaglutide that reaches your bloodstream) is equivalent across all three approved sites. The 12-15% difference in absorption speed (Tmax) doesn't translate to a difference in weight-loss outcomes. Site choice affects comfort and consistency, not efficacy.

Can I use a heating pad or ice pack on the injection site? Ice before injection can numb the area and reduce pain, but it also constricts blood vessels and may slow absorption slightly. Heat after injection increases blood flow and may speed absorption slightly. Neither is necessary, and neither is contraindicated. If you're trying to minimize side effects, avoid heat for the first 24 hours post-injection.

What if I accidentally inject into a vein? If you see blood flashback in the syringe or pen needle, withdraw immediately, apply pressure, and re-inject at a new site with a fresh needle. Accidental IV injection of semaglutide has not been studied and could cause unpredictable effects. This is extremely rare with proper subcutaneous technique (pinch and perpendicular insertion).

Is there a "best" time of day to inject based on site? No. Injection timing is based on your weekly schedule, not the site. Some patients prefer evening injections (to sleep through early side effects) and find the abdomen easier to access in the evening. Others prefer morning thigh injections before showering. Choose the time and site combination that fits your routine.

Sources

1. Kalra S et al. Patient preferences and injection site selection in GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Diabetes Therapy. 2023.
2. Kapitza C et al. Pharmacokinetics of the once-weekly GLP-1 analog semaglutide in subjects with hepatic impairment. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2015.
3. Frid AH et al. New injection recommendations for patients with diabetes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2016.
4. Gibney MA et al. Skin and subcutaneous adipose layer thickness in adults with diabetes at sites used for insulin injections. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2010.
5. Overgaard RV et al. Intramuscular versus subcutaneous injection of semaglutide: a pharmacokinetic comparison. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2018.
6. Heise T et al. Impact of injection site on semaglutide bioavailability. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2019.
7. Novo Nordisk. Ozempic (semaglutide) prescribing information. 2024.
8. Novo Nordisk. Wegovy (semaglutide) prescribing information. 2024.
9. Davies M et al. Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1). New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
10. Wilding JPH et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 4). JAMA. 2021.
11. Rubino D et al. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance (STEP 4). JAMA. 2021.
12. Wadden TA et al. Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight (STEP 3). JAMA. 2021.
13. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes - 2026. Diabetes Care. 2026.
14. Hirsch IB et al. Comparative glycemic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Endocrine Practice. 2022.

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