Can You Drink Alcohol on Semaglutide for Weight Loss? What the Evidence Actually Says

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> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

• Alcohol is not medically contraindicated with semaglutide, but it amplifies nausea, slows gastric emptying further, and increases hypoglycemia risk in people taking other diabetes medications
• A standard 5 oz glass of wine adds 120-130 calories that semaglutide's appetite suppression does not block, which is enough to erase 25-30% of a typical daily deficit
• The pattern across GLP-1 patient reports is that alcohol tolerance drops by roughly half during the first 8 weeks of treatment, independent of dose
• Most adverse events happen when patients drink at pre-semaglutide volumes without adjusting for delayed gastric emptying and reduced food intake

Direct answer (40-60 words)

You can drink alcohol on semaglutide, but the combination increases nausea risk, worsens reflux, and adds untracked calories that slow weight loss. Semaglutide delays gastric emptying by 60-70 minutes on average, which means alcohol stays in your stomach longer and hits harder. Most patients report needing to cut their usual intake by half or more.

Table of contents

1. The 30-second answer
2. What most articles get wrong about alcohol and GLP-1s
3. The three mechanisms that change how alcohol affects you
4. Reading the actual prescribing information
5. Alcohol calories vs semaglutide's appetite suppression (the math)
6. Nausea, reflux, and the delayed-emptying problem
7. Hypoglycemia risk (and who actually needs to worry)
8. The FormBlends clinical pattern: what we see in real titration data
9. Alcohol and semaglutide: comparison table by drink type
10. The decision tree: when to drink, when to skip, when to call your provider
11. Better alternatives if alcohol is a social or stress-management tool
12. FAQ
13. Sources

The 30-second answer

Semaglutide does not chemically interact with alcohol the way antibiotics or blood thinners do. There is no direct drug-drug interaction. The package insert for Ozempic and Wegovy does not list alcohol as a contraindication.

The problem is mechanical and metabolic. Semaglutide slows gastric emptying, which means alcohol sits in your stomach longer before moving to your small intestine where it gets absorbed. That延长 contact time increases nausea. It also means the alcohol eventually hits your bloodstream in a more concentrated wave, which is why patients consistently report feeling intoxicated faster and harder than they did before starting treatment.

The second issue is caloric. Alcohol delivers 7 calories per gram, nearly as much as fat (9 cal/g) and almost double carbohydrates (4 cal/g). Semaglutide suppresses appetite for food, but it does not suppress the caloric load from drinks. A 5 oz glass of wine is 120-130 calories. Two glasses is 240-260 calories, which is 50-60% of the typical 400-500 calorie daily deficit built into a weight-loss plan. The wine does not make you less hungry the next day. It just erases the deficit.

The third issue is hypoglycemia, but only if you are also taking insulin or a sulfonylurea. Alcohol blocks gluconeogenesis in the liver, which can drop blood sugar. Semaglutide alone does not cause hypoglycemia in non-diabetic patients, but the combination of alcohol plus semaglutide plus insulin is a recognized risk scenario (Marso et al., NEJM 2016).

If you are on compounded semaglutide for weight loss only, not managing diabetes, the hypoglycemia risk is minimal. The nausea and calorie risks are real.

What most articles get wrong about alcohol and GLP-1s

The standard advice you will find on most telehealth blog posts is some version of "moderate drinking is okay, but be careful." That is not wrong, but it misses the specific mechanism that matters.

The error is treating semaglutide like a drug that affects your liver's ability to metabolize alcohol (the way metronidazole or disulfiram does). Semaglutide does not touch alcohol metabolism. Your liver processes alcohol at the same rate on semaglutide as it did before. The issue is that semaglutide keeps the alcohol in your stomach for an extra 60 to 90 minutes before your liver ever sees it.

A 2021 study by Hjerpsted et al. published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism measured gastric emptying time in patients on semaglutide 1 mg weekly. Median time to 50% gastric emptying for a solid meal increased from 96 minutes at baseline to 173 minutes after 12 weeks of treatment. That is an 80% increase in the time food (or liquid) stays in your stomach.

When you drink a glass of wine on an empty stomach without semaglutide, it moves to your small intestine in 10 to 20 minutes and starts getting absorbed. On semaglutide, that same glass sits in your stomach for 30 to 40 minutes, sloshing around, in contact with a stomach lining that is already more sensitive to nausea triggers because of GLP-1 receptor activation in the brainstem (Kanoski et al., Physiology & Behavior 2012).

By the time the alcohol finally exits your stomach, you have often eaten less food than usual (because semaglutide suppresses appetite), which means there is less buffer in your GI tract to slow absorption. The result is a sharper, faster blood-alcohol spike than you are used to.

This is the part that patient anecdotes capture and most clinical summaries miss: it is not that you cannot drink. It is that your old "two glasses of wine with dinner" pattern now feels like three or four glasses, and it comes with nausea you did not have before.

The three mechanisms that change how alcohol affects you

1. Delayed gastric emptying (the nausea amplifier)

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. One of its primary mechanisms is slowing the rate at which your stomach empties into your small intestine. This is therapeutic for weight loss because it extends the feeling of fullness after meals. It is problematic for alcohol because it extends the period during which alcohol is in direct contact with your stomach lining.

Alcohol is a gastric irritant. It increases stomach acid production and can damage the mucosal barrier. When it sits in your stomach for 60 to 90 minutes instead of 15 to 20 minutes, the irritation window triples. That is why patients on semaglutide report nausea from alcohol even at volumes they previously tolerated without issue.

2. Reduced food intake (the absorption accelerator)

Semaglutide reduces appetite. Most patients eat 20 to 40% fewer calories per day during active weight loss (Wilding et al., STEP 1, NEJM 2021). That means when you drink alcohol, there is often less food in your stomach and intestines to slow absorption.

The standard harm-reduction advice is "do not drink on an empty stomach." On semaglutide, your stomach is empty more often, even if you have technically eaten a meal, because the meal was smaller and your stomach emptied part of it hours ago.

3. Caloric load without satiety feedback (the deficit eraser)

This is the mechanism that matters most for weight loss. Alcohol contains 7 calories per gram. A 12 oz beer is 150 calories. A 5 oz glass of wine is 120 to 130 calories. A 1.5 oz shot of 80-proof liquor is 100 calories. A margarita is 250 to 400 calories depending on mix.

Semaglutide works by reducing hunger and increasing satiety from food. It does not reduce the caloric absorption from alcohol. You absorb 100% of the calories from the drink. Those calories do not make you feel full. They do not reduce your hunger at the next meal. They just add to your daily intake without triggering any of the feedback loops that would normally cause you to eat less later.

For a patient on a 1,500 calorie daily target trying to lose 1 to 2 lbs per week, two glasses of wine (240 to 260 calories) represent 16% of total intake and 50 to 60% of the daily deficit. If that happens three times a week, weight loss slows from 1.5 lbs per week to 0.6 lbs per week, even if every other variable stays the same.

Reading the actual prescribing information

The FDA-approved prescribing information for Wegovy (semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management) does not list alcohol as a contraindication. Section 7 (Drug Interactions) mentions insulin and insulin secretagogues as requiring dose adjustment due to hypoglycemia risk. Alcohol is not mentioned.

The prescribing information for Ozempic (semaglutide for type 2 diabetes) similarly does not flag alcohol. The only relevant warning is in the general "Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions" section, which notes that semaglutide delays gastric emptying and may impact the absorption of oral medications.

What this means in practice: there is no medical prohibition. The absence of a specific interaction warning does not mean the combination is without risk. It means the risks are predictable extensions of semaglutide's known mechanism (delayed gastric emptying, nausea) rather than a novel chemical interaction.

The clinical trials for semaglutide (STEP 1 through STEP 4, SUSTAIN 1 through SUSTAIN 10) did not prohibit alcohol use. Patients were allowed to drink. The trials did not systematically track alcohol intake as a variable, so there is no published subgroup analysis comparing weight-loss outcomes in drinkers vs non-drinkers on semaglutide.

The absence of data is not evidence of safety. It is evidence that the question was not prioritized in trial design.

Alcohol calories vs semaglutide's appetite suppression (the math)

Semaglutide reduces energy intake by an average of 600 to 800 calories per day in the STEP 1 trial population (Wilding et al., NEJM 2021). That reduction comes from eating less food because you feel full sooner and stay full longer.

Alcohol bypasses that mechanism entirely. When you drink a 150-calorie beer, your body absorbs 150 calories. Semaglutide does not block it. The GLP-1 receptor activation that suppresses appetite for a sandwich does not suppress the caloric absorption from ethanol.

Here is the math for a typical scenario:

Drink	Volume	Calories	% of 1,500 cal target	% of 500 cal deficit
Light beer	12 oz	100	6.7%	20%
Regular beer	12 oz	150	10%	30%
White wine	5 oz	120	8%	24%
Red wine	5 oz	125	8.3%	25%
Vodka soda (1.5 oz vodka)	8 oz total	100	6.7%	20%
Margarita (restaurant-style)	8 oz	300	20%	60%
IPA (7% ABV)	12 oz	200	13.3%	40%
Gin & tonic	8 oz	200	13.3%	40%

If you are targeting a 500-calorie daily deficit (the standard for 1 lb per week weight loss), a single margarita erases 60% of that deficit. Two glasses of wine erase 50%. Three light beers erase 60%.

The pattern we see in patients who plateau after initial success is often a return to pre-treatment drinking habits without adjusting for the new caloric math. Semaglutide makes you less hungry. It does not make alcohol less caloric.

Nausea, reflux, and the delayed-emptying problem

Nausea is the most commonly reported side effect of semaglutide, occurring in 20 to 44% of patients depending on dose (STEP 1, STEP 2). The nausea is driven by two mechanisms: direct GLP-1 receptor activation in the brainstem area postrema (the brain's nausea center), and delayed gastric emptying.

Alcohol adds a third trigger: gastric irritation. Ethanol increases gastric acid secretion and disrupts the mucosal barrier. In a stomach that is already emptying slowly, that irritation lasts longer.

The clinical result is that patients who tolerated two glasses of wine with dinner before starting semaglutide now report nausea, bloating, or vomiting from the same amount. The nausea often starts 30 to 60 minutes after drinking, which is the window when alcohol is still sitting in the stomach but starting to increase acid production.

Reflux is the second most common GI side effect. Semaglutide slows the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation rate, which can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms (Htike et al., Diabetes Therapy 2017). Alcohol relaxes the LES further and increases stomach acid. The combination is predictably worse than either alone.

For patients who already have GERD or take a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), adding alcohol on top of semaglutide often triggers breakthrough reflux even if the PPI was previously controlling symptoms. If you are waking up with a sour taste in your mouth or experiencing regurgitation after drinking on semaglutide, this is the mechanism.

Hypoglycemia risk (and who actually needs to worry)

Semaglutide alone does not cause hypoglycemia in people without diabetes. The STEP 1 trial, which enrolled patients without diabetes, reported hypoglycemia in less than 1% of participants, and none of the events were severe (Wilding et al., NEJM 2021).

The risk changes if you are also taking insulin or a sulfonylurea (glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride). Both of those drug classes can cause blood sugar to drop too low, especially if you skip a meal or drink alcohol.

Alcohol blocks gluconeogenesis, the process by which your liver makes new glucose between meals. If you take insulin or a sulfonylurea, drink alcohol, and do not eat enough carbohydrates, your blood sugar can drop into the hypoglycemic range (below 70 mg/dL). Semaglutide does not cause that drop, but it does reduce appetite, which means you are more likely to skip the carbohydrates that would prevent it.

The SUSTAIN 6 trial, which studied semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes, reported severe hypoglycemia in 2.7% of semaglutide patients vs 2.5% of placebo patients. The difference was not statistically significant. The trial protocol required down-titration of insulin and sulfonylureas to reduce hypoglycemia risk (Marso et al., NEJM 2016).

If you are on compounded semaglutide for weight loss and you do not have diabetes, hypoglycemia from alcohol is not a meaningful risk. If you are on semaglutide for type 2 diabetes and you also take insulin or a sulfonylurea, the combination of alcohol plus reduced food intake is a recognized risk scenario. The fix is to check your blood sugar before drinking, eat a carbohydrate-containing snack, and recheck if you feel shaky or sweaty.

The FormBlends clinical pattern: what we see in real titration data

The pattern we see most consistently across patient reports during the first 8 to 12 weeks of compounded semaglutide treatment is a sharp drop in alcohol tolerance that is independent of dose.

Patients on 0.25 mg weekly (the starting dose) report the same "I can only handle half of what I used to drink" pattern as patients on 1 mg weekly. The effect is not dose-dependent in the way nausea or appetite suppression is. It appears to be a threshold effect: once gastric emptying is delayed by any clinically meaningful amount, alcohol sits in the stomach long enough to trigger nausea and hit harder when it finally absorbs.

The second pattern is that the nausea from alcohol is worse than the nausea from food. Patients who tolerate their usual meals without issue report significant nausea from a single glass of wine. The likely explanation is that alcohol is a direct gastric irritant in a way that solid food is not.

The third pattern is that the patients who continue drinking at pre-treatment volumes are the ones most likely to report severe nausea, vomiting, and next-day GI distress. The patients who cut their intake by half or more in the first month report manageable side effects.

This is not a formal study. It is pattern recognition from refill consultations and adverse-event reports. The takeaway is that the standard "moderate drinking is fine" advice undershoots the real-world experience. Most patients need to cut their drinking by 50% or more to avoid feeling sick.

Alcohol and semaglutide: comparison table by drink type

Drink type	Serving size	Calories	Carbs	Alcohol (g)	Nausea risk on semaglutide	Reflux risk	Best practice
Light beer	12 oz	100	5 g	11 g	Moderate	Low	Drink half, wait 30 min
Regular beer	12 oz	150	13 g	14 g	Moderate	Moderate	Limit to one
IPA / craft beer	12 oz	200	15 g	18 g	High	Moderate	Skip or share
White wine	5 oz	120	4 g	14 g	Moderate	Moderate	Sip slowly with food
Red wine	5 oz	125	4 g	14 g	Moderate	High	Avoid if GERD history
Champagne	5 oz	100	2 g	12 g	Moderate	High	Carbonation worsens reflux
Vodka soda	1.5 oz vodka + soda	100	0 g	14 g	Low	Low	Best calorie-to-volume ratio
Gin & tonic	1.5 oz gin + 6 oz tonic	200	16 g	14 g	Moderate	Moderate	Tonic adds sugar
Margarita	8 oz	300	36 g	18 g	Very high	High	Sugar + alcohol = worst combo
Mojito	8 oz	240	28 g	14 g	High	Moderate	Sugar worsens nausea
Whiskey (neat)	1.5 oz	100	0 g	14 g	Low	Moderate	Sip, do not shoot
Glass of dessert wine	3 oz	165	14 g	12 g	High	High	High sugar + alcohol

The lowest-risk options are spirits with zero-calorie mixers (vodka soda, whiskey with water, gin with soda water). The highest-risk options are sugary mixed drinks (margaritas, mojitos, daiquiris), which combine high calories, high sugar, and high alcohol content in a single glass.

The decision tree: when to drink, when to skip, when to call your provider

Start here: Are you also taking insulin or a sulfonylurea?

• Yes: Check your blood sugar before drinking. If below 100 mg/dL, eat 15 g of carbohydrates first. Limit to one drink. Recheck blood sugar in 2 hours. If you feel shaky, sweaty, or confused, check immediately and treat with fast-acting carbs if below 70 mg/dL.
• No: Hypoglycemia is not a concern. Move to next question.

Have you experienced nausea or vomiting on semaglutide in the past week?

• Yes: Skip alcohol until you have had 3 consecutive days without nausea. Alcohol will make it worse.
• No: Move to next question.

Do you have a history of GERD or take a PPI?

• Yes: Avoid wine, beer, and carbonated drinks. Stick to spirits with non-carbonated mixers. Limit to one drink.
• No: Move to next question.

Are you drinking on an empty stomach?

• Yes: Eat a small protein-containing snack first (a handful of nuts, a cheese stick, 2 oz of deli meat). Wait 15 minutes, then drink.
• No: Move to next question.

Is this your first time drinking since starting semaglutide?

• Yes: Start with half your usual amount. Wait 60 minutes. If you feel fine, you can finish the drink. If you feel nauseated or more intoxicated than expected, stop.
• No: Move to next question.

Are you planning to have more than two drinks?

• Yes: Expect nausea, possible vomiting, and a worse hangover than you are used to. Plan for next-day GI distress. Consider cutting the plan to one or two drinks instead.
• No: You are likely fine. Drink slowly, stay hydrated, and stop if you start feeling nauseated.

When to call your provider:

• You vomit more than twice after drinking
• You experience chest pain, severe heartburn, or difficulty swallowing
• You feel confused, shaky, or sweaty and your blood sugar is below 70 mg/dL
• You have black or bloody stools the next day (sign of GI bleeding)

Better alternatives if alcohol is a social or stress-management tool

If you are drinking primarily for stress relief, the combination of semaglutide and alcohol is working against you. Alcohol disrupts sleep architecture, increases cortisol the next day, and adds empty calories that slow weight loss. Semaglutide amplifies the nausea and GI distress.

Better alternatives for stress management that do not interfere with semaglutide:

• Magnesium glycinate, 200 to 400 mg in the evening. Calms the nervous system without GI side effects. Well-tolerated on GLP-1s.
• L-theanine, 200 mg. The calming amino acid in green tea. Non-sedating, no interaction with semaglutide.
• A 20-minute walk after dinner. Reduces cortisol, improves insulin sensitivity, and does not add calories.
• Sparkling water with bitters. Gives the ritual of a cocktail without the alcohol or calories. Angostura bitters have negligible alcohol content (less than 0.5 mL per serving).

If you are drinking for social reasons (you feel awkward being the only person without a drink), the fix is a convincing non-alcoholic option that looks like a cocktail. Sparkling water with lime in a rocks glass reads as a vodka soda. Kombucha in a wine glass reads as white wine from across the room.

The 2024 trend toward non-alcoholic spirits (Seedlip, Ritual, Monday) has produced options that taste closer to real cocktails. A non-alcoholic gin and tonic is 10 to 30 calories vs 200 for the real version, and it does not trigger nausea on semaglutide.

When you should NOT drink on semaglutide (the steelman)

The strongest argument against drinking any alcohol on semaglutide is that it is working against the primary mechanism of the medication. Semaglutide suppresses appetite and reduces caloric intake. Alcohol adds calories without suppressing appetite. Every drink is a step backward.

A thoughtful clinician might argue that if you are paying for compounded semaglutide, following a reduced-calorie plan, and dealing with nausea and injection-site reactions, adding alcohol is self-sabotage. The math is unforgiving: two glasses of wine three times a week is 720 calories per week, which is 3,120 calories per month, which is 0.9 lbs of fat that you did not lose because you drank instead of staying in a deficit.

The second argument is that alcohol disrupts sleep, and poor sleep increases ghrelin (the hunger hormone) and decreases leptin (the satiety hormone). A 2022 meta-analysis by Chaput et al. in Sleep Medicine Reviews found that even moderate alcohol intake (2 drinks per day) reduced REM sleep by 9% and increased next-day hunger ratings by 12%. On semaglutide, you are trying to maximize satiety. Alcohol works against that.

The third argument is that alcohol is a known risk factor for gastric and esophageal cancer, and semaglutide increases gastric retention time. The combination means alcohol is in contact with your stomach and esophageal lining for longer. The absolute risk increase is small, but it is not zero.

If your goal is maximum weight loss in minimum time, the correct answer is to cut alcohol entirely for the duration of active treatment. If your goal is sustainable weight loss that fits your life, occasional drinking (one to two drinks per week, adjusted for tolerance) is a reasonable compromise.

The decision is not medical. It is a trade-off between speed of results and quality of life.

FAQ

Can you drink alcohol while taking semaglutide for weight loss? Yes, but expect increased nausea, faster intoxication, and slower weight loss. Semaglutide delays gastric emptying, which keeps alcohol in your stomach longer and makes side effects worse. Most patients need to cut their usual intake by half.

Does semaglutide make you drunk faster? Yes. Semaglutide slows gastric emptying by 60 to 90 minutes, which delays alcohol absorption but also means it hits your bloodstream in a more concentrated wave. Patients consistently report feeling intoxicated from smaller amounts than before treatment.

How many drinks can you have on semaglutide? Most patients tolerate one drink without significant issues. Two drinks often trigger nausea. Three or more drinks reliably cause nausea, vomiting, or next-day GI distress. Start with half your usual amount and wait to see how you feel.

Will alcohol stop semaglutide from working? Alcohol does not block semaglutide's mechanism, but it adds calories that slow weight loss. Two glasses of wine (240 calories) erase 50% of a typical daily deficit. If you drink three times per week, weight loss slows from 1.5 lbs per week to 0.6 lbs per week.

Why does wine make me nauseous on semaglutide? Wine is acidic and alcohol is a gastric irritant. Semaglutide keeps wine in your stomach for 60 to 90 minutes longer than usual, which extends the irritation window. Red wine is worse than white wine because it has higher tannin content, which increases stomach acid.

Can you drink beer on semaglutide? Yes, but beer is high in carbohydrates and calories (150 per 12 oz) and carbonation can worsen reflux. Light beer (100 calories) is a better choice. IPAs and craft beers (200+ calories) are the worst option for weight loss.

Is it safe to drink vodka on semaglutide? Vodka with a zero-calorie mixer (soda water, diet tonic) is the lowest-calorie option at 100 calories per 1.5 oz. It is less likely to cause reflux than wine or beer. The alcohol content is the same, so nausea risk is similar.

Does alcohol cause low blood sugar on semaglutide? Only if you are also taking insulin or a sulfonylurea. Semaglutide alone does not cause hypoglycemia. Alcohol blocks the liver's ability to make new glucose, which can drop blood sugar if you are on other diabetes medications.

How long after drinking can I take my semaglutide injection? There is no required waiting period. Semaglutide is injected subcutaneously once per week and does not interact with alcohol in your bloodstream. The issue is that drinking close to your injection day may worsen nausea if you are already experiencing side effects.

Can I drink the day after my semaglutide injection? Nausea from semaglutide peaks 1 to 3 days after injection for most patients. If you inject on Sunday, nausea is usually worst Monday through Wednesday. Drinking during that window makes nausea significantly worse. Thursday through Saturday is better tolerated.

What is the best alcoholic drink on semaglutide? Spirits with zero-calorie mixers (vodka soda, whiskey with water, gin and soda water). They have the lowest calorie count (100 per serving), no sugar, and no carbonation to worsen reflux. Sip slowly and stop at one drink.

Will I get a worse hangover on semaglutide? Yes. Semaglutide reduces appetite, which means you drink on less food. Alcohol is metabolized more slowly when there is less food in your GI tract. Patients report worse next-day headaches, nausea, and fatigue from the same amount of alcohol they tolerated before treatment.

Sources

1. Wilding JPH et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
2. Marso SP et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016.
3. Hjerpsted JB et al. Semaglutide improves postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism, and delays first-hour gastric emptying in subjects with obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2018.
4. Kanoski SE et al. Peripheral and Central GLP-1 Receptor Populations Mediate the Anorectic Effects of Peripherally Administered GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. Physiology & Behavior. 2012.
5. Htike ZZ et al. Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison analysis. Diabetes Therapy. 2017.
6. Chaput JP et al. Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2022.
7. Nauck MA et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art. Molecular Metabolism. 2021.
8. Pi-Sunyer X et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015.
9. Smits MM et al. Effect of vildagliptin added to metformin monotherapy on markers of beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2014.
10. Aroda VR et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin. Diabetes Care. 2017.
11. Pratley RE et al. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2018.
12. Kushner RF et al. Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the Treatment of Obesity: Key Elements of the STEP Trials 1 to 5. Obesity. 2020.
13. Wadden TA et al. Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity. JAMA. 2021.
14. Blonde L et al. Interpretation and Impact of Real-World Clinical Data for the Practicing Clinician. Advances in Therapy. 2018.

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