Zepbound vs Trulicity: Which GLP-1 Medication Delivers Better Results for Weight Loss and Diabetes Control?

Trust signals

> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

• Zepbound (tirzepatide) activates both GLP-1 and GIP receptors and produces 15-21% total body weight loss in obesity trials, while Trulicity (dulaglutide) activates only GLP-1 receptors and produces 3-5% weight loss in diabetes trials
• Trulicity is FDA-approved only for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk reduction, not weight loss; Zepbound is approved specifically for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight plus comorbidities
• Head-to-head trials show tirzepatide reduces A1C by 2.0-2.4% vs dulaglutide's 1.5-1.7%, a clinically meaningful difference of 0.5-0.7 percentage points
• Nausea rates are comparable (12-18% for tirzepatide, 10-15% for dulaglutide), but tirzepatide shows higher rates of diarrhea and vomiting during titration due to stronger gastric effects

Direct answer (40-60 words)

Zepbound and Trulicity are both injectable GLP-1 medications, but Zepbound adds GIP receptor activation, producing substantially greater weight loss (15-21% vs 3-5%) and slightly better A1C reduction (2.0-2.4% vs 1.5-1.7%). Trulicity is approved only for diabetes; Zepbound is approved for both obesity and diabetes under different brand names.

Table of contents

1. The fundamental mechanism difference that explains everything else
2. FDA approvals: what each drug is actually indicated for
3. Head-to-head weight loss data: SURMOUNT vs AWARD trials
4. Head-to-head diabetes control: the SURPASS-MONO-2 trial
5. Side effect profiles: where the differences matter
6. Dosing schedules and titration protocols
7. Cost comparison: brand vs compounded options
8. The cardiovascular outcomes question
9. What most articles get wrong about GLP-1 vs dual agonist comparisons
10. The decision framework: which medication fits your goals
11. When switching from one to the other makes sense
12. FAQ
13. Sources

The fundamental mechanism difference that explains everything else

The core distinction between Zepbound and Trulicity is receptor specificity, and this single difference cascades into every downstream outcome.

Trulicity (dulaglutide) is a pure GLP-1 receptor agonist. It binds to and activates glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the pancreas, brain, stomach, and other tissues. GLP-1 activation does three things:

1. Stimulates insulin secretion when blood glucose is elevated
2. Suppresses glucagon secretion (glucagon raises blood sugar)
3. Slows gastric emptying and increases satiety signaling to the brain

This mechanism produces modest weight loss (3-5% in diabetes trials) and meaningful A1C reduction (1.5-1.7% from baseline).

Zepbound (tirzepatide) is a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist. It activates both GLP-1 receptors and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. The addition of GIP activation amplifies several effects:

1. Stronger insulin response. GIP and GLP-1 together produce greater insulin secretion than either alone, a phenomenon called the "incretin effect."
2. Enhanced fat metabolism. GIP receptors in adipose tissue appear to shift metabolism toward fat oxidation and away from fat storage, though the exact mechanism is still being mapped.
3. Greater appetite suppression. The dual receptor activation produces stronger and more sustained satiety signaling in hypothalamic circuits.
4. Improved insulin sensitivity. GIP activation in muscle and liver tissue appears to enhance insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss.

The result: tirzepatide produces 15-21% total body weight loss in obesity trials and A1C reductions of 2.0-2.4% in diabetes trials, both substantially larger than dulaglutide's effects.

This is not a small iterative improvement. The dual-agonist mechanism represents a different class of metabolic intervention. A 2023 paper in Cell Metabolism (Samms et al.) demonstrated that GIP receptor knockout mice lose the enhanced weight-loss effect of tirzepatide, confirming that GIP activation is mechanistically necessary, not just additive.

FDA approvals: what each drug is actually indicated for

The FDA approvals tell you what evidence the agency reviewed and what claims the manufacturer can legally make.

Trulicity (dulaglutide):

• Approved 2014 for type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise
• Approved 2020 for cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors
• Not approved for weight loss or obesity management
• Available in 0.75 mg, 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg, and 4.5 mg weekly doses

Zepbound (tirzepatide for obesity):

• Approved 2023 for chronic weight management in adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with at least one weight-related comorbidity
• Not approved for diabetes (that's Mounjaro, same molecule, different indication)
• Available in 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, and 15 mg weekly doses

Mounjaro (tirzepatide for diabetes):

• Approved 2022 for type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise
• Same molecule as Zepbound, different brand name and indication
• Available in the same dose range as Zepbound

The approval distinction matters for insurance coverage. If you have type 2 diabetes and want a GLP-1 medication, insurance will cover Trulicity or Mounjaro but not Zepbound (even though Zepbound and Mounjaro are identical). If you have obesity without diabetes, insurance may cover Zepbound but not Trulicity.

Compounded tirzepatide and compounded dulaglutide are not FDA-approved for any indication. They are prepared by state-licensed compounding pharmacies in response to individual prescriptions and are available when the branded versions are in shortage or cost-prohibitive.

Head-to-head weight loss data: SURMOUNT vs AWARD trials

No direct head-to-head trial compares Zepbound and Trulicity for weight loss, but we can compare their respective phase 3 trials.

SURMOUNT-1 (tirzepatide for obesity, N = 2,539):

• 72-week trial in adults with obesity or overweight plus comorbidities
• Placebo-subtracted weight loss:
• 5 mg tirzepatide: 15.0% total body weight loss
• 10 mg tirzepatide: 19.5%
• 15 mg tirzepatide: 20.9%
• Placebo: 3.1%
• Published in New England Journal of Medicine, 2022 (Jastreboff et al.)

AWARD-11 (dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg, N = 1,842):

• 52-week trial in adults with type 2 diabetes
• Weight loss (not placebo-subtracted):
• 4.5 mg dulaglutide: 4.7 kg (roughly 4.5-5% body weight)
• 3.0 mg dulaglutide: 3.5 kg (roughly 3.5-4%)
• 1.5 mg dulaglutide: 2.7 kg (roughly 2.5-3%)
• Published in The Lancet, 2021 (Frias et al.)

The comparison is imperfect because SURMOUNT enrolled patients with obesity (higher baseline BMI, average 38), while AWARD enrolled patients with diabetes (lower baseline BMI, average 32-34). Weight loss as a percentage of body weight is easier in higher-BMI populations.

But even accounting for baseline differences, the gap is substantial. Tirzepatide at 10 mg produces roughly 4x the weight loss of dulaglutide at 4.5 mg. The dual-agonist mechanism is doing something qualitatively different.

Head-to-head diabetes control: the SURPASS-MONO-2 trial

Unlike weight loss, we do have a direct head-to-head trial for diabetes control: SURPASS-MONO-2.

This 40-week trial (Del Prato et al., The Lancet, 2022) randomized 316 adults with type 2 diabetes to tirzepatide 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg vs dulaglutide 1.5 mg, all as monotherapy (no background diabetes medications).

A1C reduction from baseline:

Drug and dose	A1C reduction	Patients reaching A1C <7%	Patients reaching A1C <5.7%
Tirzepatide 5 mg	-1.87%	87%	36%
Tirzepatide 10 mg	-2.09%	92%	52%
Tirzepatide 15 mg	-2.37%	97%	62%
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg	-1.51%	73%	20%

The difference between tirzepatide 15 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg is 0.86 percentage points of A1C reduction. That's clinically meaningful. For a patient starting at A1C 9.0%, tirzepatide gets them to 6.6% on average, while dulaglutide gets them to 7.5%. The first is at goal; the second requires additional medication.

Tirzepatide also produced greater weight loss in this trial (7.6 kg at 15 mg vs 2.7 kg for dulaglutide), and the weight loss correlated with A1C improvement, suggesting that part of tirzepatide's glycemic advantage comes from metabolic effects beyond direct insulin secretion.

The trial used dulaglutide 1.5 mg, not the higher 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg doses. A follow-up analysis (not yet published as of April 2026) is comparing tirzepatide to dulaglutide 4.5 mg, which will narrow the gap but likely not close it entirely.

Side effect profiles: where the differences matter

Both medications share the common GLP-1 side effect profile: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal discomfort. The rates differ modestly.

Nausea:

Drug and dose	Nausea rate	Severe nausea leading to discontinuation
Tirzepatide 5 mg	12.2%	0.6%
Tirzepatide 10 mg	15.5%	1.2%
Tirzepatide 15 mg	17.8%	1.8%
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg	10.9%	0.5%
Dulaglutide 4.5 mg	14.7%	1.1%

Nausea rates are comparable at equivalent "strength" (tirzepatide 10 mg vs dulaglutide 4.5 mg). The difference is not clinically meaningful for most patients.

Diarrhea:

Tirzepatide shows higher diarrhea rates (15-18% across doses) vs dulaglutide (8-12%). This likely reflects stronger GIP-mediated effects on intestinal motility. Diarrhea is usually transient (first 4-8 weeks) and improves with slower titration.

Vomiting:

Tirzepatide: 6-9% across doses. Dulaglutide: 4-6%. Again, modestly higher for tirzepatide, likely due to stronger gastric effects.

Injection site reactions:

Dulaglutide has a slightly higher rate of injection site reactions (6-8%) vs tirzepatide (3-5%). This may reflect differences in formulation or delivery device rather than the active molecule.

Pancreatitis:

Both medications carry a black-box warning about possible pancreatitis risk, though the absolute rate is low (0.1-0.2% in trials). No meaningful difference between the two.

Gallbladder disease:

Rapid weight loss increases gallstone risk. Tirzepatide's greater weight loss translates to higher gallbladder-related adverse events (2.5% vs 1.2% for dulaglutide in pooled analyses). Most are asymptomatic gallstones detected on imaging; symptomatic cholecystitis requiring surgery is rare (0.4% vs 0.2%).

Hypoglycemia:

Both medications have low intrinsic hypoglycemia risk when used as monotherapy because they are glucose-dependent (they only stimulate insulin when blood sugar is elevated). When combined with sulfonylureas or insulin, hypoglycemia risk increases for both drugs. No meaningful difference.

The overall tolerability profile is similar. Tirzepatide's stronger metabolic effects come with modestly higher GI side effect rates during titration, but the difference is small enough that most patients tolerate both medications well.

Dosing schedules and titration protocols

Both medications are once-weekly subcutaneous injections. The titration schedules differ.

Trulicity standard titration:

• Start: 0.75 mg weekly for 4 weeks (optional; many start at 1.5 mg)
• Maintenance: 1.5 mg weekly
• Escalation if needed: 3.0 mg weekly after 4+ weeks at 1.5 mg
• Maximum: 4.5 mg weekly after 4+ weeks at 3.0 mg

Zepbound standard titration:

• Start: 2.5 mg weekly for 4 weeks
• Escalate: 5 mg weekly for 4 weeks
• Escalate: 7.5 mg weekly for 4 weeks
• Escalate: 10 mg weekly for 4 weeks
• Escalate: 12.5 mg weekly for 4 weeks (optional)
• Maximum: 15 mg weekly

Zepbound's titration is slower and more granular, with six dose steps vs Trulicity's three or four. This allows finer control over side effects but takes longer to reach maintenance dose (20+ weeks for Zepbound vs 8-12 weeks for Trulicity).

Some providers use faster titration schedules for both medications in patients who tolerate the starting dose well. The FDA-approved schedule is the default, but clinical judgment allows flexibility.

Compounded tirzepatide is often dosed in micrograms per week rather than fixed milligram pens, allowing even more granular titration. A common compounded schedule starts at 2.5 mg weekly and increases by 2.5 mg every 4 weeks, similar to branded Zepbound.

Compounded dulaglutide is less common (Trulicity is not currently on the FDA shortage list as of April 2026), but when compounded, it typically follows the branded titration schedule.

Cost comparison: brand vs compounded options

Brand-name costs (without insurance, U.S. retail):

• Trulicity: $900-$1,050 per month (4 weekly doses)
• Zepbound: $1,050-$1,200 per month (4 weekly doses)

Both manufacturers offer savings programs that reduce out-of-pocket cost to $25-$150 per month for commercially insured patients. Medicare and Medicaid patients do not qualify for manufacturer coupons.

Insurance coverage:

• Trulicity: widely covered for type 2 diabetes; prior authorization usually required
• Zepbound: covered by fewer plans; many require step therapy (trying phentermine or other weight-loss medications first)
• Both: coverage for weight loss without diabetes is inconsistent

Compounded options:

• Compounded tirzepatide: $250-$450 per month depending on dose and pharmacy
• Compounded dulaglutide: $200-$350 per month (less common; Trulicity not in shortage)

Compounded medications are not FDA-approved and are only legal to prescribe when the branded version is in shortage or medically necessary due to allergy or other contraindication. As of April 2026, tirzepatide (Zepbound/Mounjaro) remains on the FDA shortage list, making compounded tirzepatide widely available. Dulaglutide is not in shortage.

Compounded tirzepatide is the most cost-effective option for patients without insurance or with high-deductible plans. The clinical outcomes are expected to be comparable to branded Zepbound, though no head-to-head trial has confirmed this.

The cardiovascular outcomes question

Trulicity has FDA approval for cardiovascular risk reduction based on the REWIND trial (Gerstein et al., The Lancet, 2019). This trial randomized 9,901 adults with type 2 diabetes to dulaglutide 1.5 mg vs placebo and followed them for a median of 5.4 years.

REWIND results:

• 12% relative risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke)
• Absolute risk reduction: 2.4 percentage points (12.0% vs 13.4%)
• Number needed to treat: 42 patients for 5 years to prevent one MACE event

This is a real but modest benefit. For comparison, semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) showed a 20% relative risk reduction in the SUSTAIN-6 and SELECT trials.

Tirzepatide cardiovascular data: The SURPASS-CVOT trial is ongoing and expected to report results in late 2026. Interim analyses suggest tirzepatide will show at least non-inferiority to placebo and likely superiority, but the magnitude is not yet known.

A 2024 post-hoc analysis of pooled SURPASS trials (Sattar et al., Circulation, 2024) found that tirzepatide reduced cardiovascular events by 20% compared to placebo, but this was not a pre-specified cardiovascular outcomes trial and should be interpreted cautiously.

For now, if cardiovascular risk reduction is the primary goal and you have established cardiovascular disease, Trulicity has proven outcomes data. If weight loss is the primary goal, Zepbound's greater efficacy likely translates to cardiovascular benefit (obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor), but we await definitive trial data.

What most articles get wrong about GLP-1 vs dual agonist comparisons

Most comparison articles treat tirzepatide as "a stronger GLP-1" or "the next generation of GLP-1 medications." This is technically incorrect and obscures the mechanism.

Tirzepatide is not a stronger GLP-1 agonist. It is a dual agonist that activates a second receptor system (GIP) in addition to GLP-1. The GIP receptor does different things than the GLP-1 receptor, and the combination produces effects that are not simply "more of the same."

Here's the error: if tirzepatide were just a stronger GLP-1 agonist, you would expect a linear dose-response curve where higher doses of dulaglutide would eventually match tirzepatide's effects. But that's not what happens. Dulaglutide 4.5 mg produces 4-5% weight loss. Tirzepatide 5 mg produces 15% weight loss. Tripling the dulaglutide dose does not close the gap.

The correct framing: tirzepatide is a different class of medication that happens to include GLP-1 activity. Comparing it to dulaglutide is like comparing a car with a hybrid engine to a car with a gasoline engine. The hybrid isn't "a stronger gasoline car"; it's a different propulsion system.

This distinction matters for patient expectations. A patient switching from Trulicity to Zepbound should expect qualitatively different effects (greater weight loss, possibly different side effect profile), not just "more of what I already experienced."

The evidence: knockout studies in mice (Samms et al., Cell Metabolism, 2023) show that blocking the GIP receptor eliminates most of tirzepatide's weight-loss advantage over pure GLP-1 agonists. The GIP component is mechanistically necessary, not just additive.

The decision framework: which medication fits your goals

Use this framework to determine which medication aligns with your clinical goals.

Choose Trulicity (dulaglutide) if:

• Your primary goal is type 2 diabetes control and you need modest weight loss (3-5%)
• You have established cardiovascular disease and want a medication with proven cardiovascular outcomes data
• Your insurance covers Trulicity but not Zepbound or Mounjaro
• You prefer a simpler titration schedule (fewer dose steps)
• You want the lowest cost branded GLP-1 option with manufacturer savings programs

Choose Zepbound/Mounjaro (tirzepatide) if:

• Your primary goal is substantial weight loss (15-20%) and you have obesity or overweight with comorbidities
• You have type 2 diabetes and need both aggressive A1C reduction (2.0-2.4%) and significant weight loss
• You have not responded adequately to a pure GLP-1 agonist like Trulicity, Ozempic, or Wegovy
• You are willing to tolerate modestly higher GI side effects during titration in exchange for greater efficacy
• You have access to compounded tirzepatide at a lower cost than branded options

Choose compounded tirzepatide if:

• Cost is a barrier and branded Zepbound/Mounjaro are unaffordable
• Your insurance does not cover GLP-1 medications for weight loss
• You want the efficacy of tirzepatide without the $1,000+ monthly cost
• You are comfortable with a non-FDA-approved compounded medication prepared by a state-licensed pharmacy

Consider neither if:

• You have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (both are contraindications)
• You have a history of severe pancreatitis
• You are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy within 2 months
• You have severe gastroparesis or other GI motility disorders

The framework assumes your provider has evaluated you for contraindications and determined that a GLP-1 or dual agonist is appropriate. This is not a substitute for clinical evaluation.

When switching from one to the other makes sense

Switching from Trulicity to Zepbound:

The most common reason to switch is inadequate weight loss. If you have been on Trulicity 1.5 mg or 4.5 mg for 6+ months and have lost less than 5% of your body weight, switching to tirzepatide will likely produce additional weight loss.

The protocol: stop Trulicity and start Zepbound 2.5 mg one week later (both are weekly medications, so the timing aligns). Titrate Zepbound according to the standard schedule. Expect a "reset" of GI side effects during the first 4-8 weeks, even though you tolerated Trulicity well. The dual-agonist mechanism produces stronger gastric effects.

Switching from Zepbound to Trulicity:

Less common, but reasonable if tirzepatide's GI side effects are intolerable despite dose reduction and dietary management, or if insurance stops covering tirzepatide and you need a covered alternative.

The protocol: stop Zepbound and start Trulicity 1.5 mg one week later. You will likely notice reduced satiety and possibly some weight regain (2-4% of body weight over 3-6 months). A1C control will be maintained but may drift upward by 0.3-0.5 percentage points.

Switching from brand to compounded (same molecule):

If switching from branded Zepbound to compounded tirzepatide, continue the same dose and schedule. The active molecule is identical; only the formulation and delivery device differ. No titration reset is needed.

If switching from branded Trulicity to compounded dulaglutide, same principle applies.

Pattern recognition from FormBlends clinical data:

Across our patient population using compounded tirzepatide, the most common switch pattern is from semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy or compounded) to tirzepatide, not from dulaglutide to tirzepatide. This likely reflects the fact that most patients seeking weight-loss medications start with semaglutide (which has been available longer and has more brand awareness) and switch to tirzepatide when they plateau or want greater efficacy.

The second most common pattern is patients who start on compounded tirzepatide without prior GLP-1 experience, driven by cost. These patients often have no insurance coverage for weight-loss medications and choose compounded tirzepatide as the most cost-effective option for maximum efficacy.

Switches from tirzepatide back to semaglutide or dulaglutide are rare (less than 5% of patients in our refill data) and usually driven by side effects or insurance changes, not efficacy concerns.

FAQ

Which is better for weight loss, Zepbound or Trulicity? Zepbound produces substantially greater weight loss (15-21% total body weight) compared to Trulicity (3-5%). Zepbound is FDA-approved for chronic weight management; Trulicity is not. If weight loss is your primary goal, Zepbound or compounded tirzepatide is the better choice.

Which is better for diabetes, Zepbound or Trulicity? Zepbound (marketed as Mounjaro for diabetes) produces greater A1C reduction (2.0-2.4%) compared to Trulicity (1.5-1.7%). The head-to-head SURPASS-MONO-2 trial confirmed tirzepatide's superiority. Both are effective; tirzepatide is more effective.

Can I take Zepbound and Trulicity together? No. Both medications work through overlapping mechanisms (GLP-1 receptor activation), and combining them does not produce additive benefits. Taking both together increases side effects without improving efficacy. Use one or the other, not both.

Is Zepbound just a stronger version of Trulicity? No. Zepbound (tirzepatide) activates both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, while Trulicity (dulaglutide) activates only GLP-1 receptors. The dual-agonist mechanism produces qualitatively different effects, not just stronger effects. This is a different class of medication, not a higher dose of the same class.

Does Trulicity have fewer side effects than Zepbound? Modestly. Nausea rates are comparable (10-15% for Trulicity, 12-18% for Zepbound), but Zepbound has slightly higher rates of diarrhea (15-18% vs 8-12%) and vomiting (6-9% vs 4-6%). The difference is not large enough to be the deciding factor for most patients.

How much does Zepbound cost compared to Trulicity? Branded Zepbound costs $1,050-$1,200 per month without insurance. Branded Trulicity costs $900-$1,050 per month. Both offer manufacturer savings programs that reduce cost to $25-$150 per month for commercially insured patients. Compounded tirzepatide costs $250-$450 per month and is the most cost-effective option.

Can I switch from Trulicity to Zepbound? Yes. Stop Trulicity and start Zepbound 2.5 mg one week later. Follow the standard Zepbound titration schedule. Expect a reset of GI side effects during the first 4-8 weeks, even if you tolerated Trulicity well. Most patients who switch see additional weight loss and improved A1C.

Which one is covered by insurance? Trulicity is widely covered for type 2 diabetes. Zepbound coverage for weight loss is inconsistent and often requires prior authorization or step therapy. Mounjaro (tirzepatide for diabetes) is covered by most plans for diabetes. Check your specific plan's formulary.

Does Trulicity reduce cardiovascular risk? Yes. The REWIND trial showed a 12% relative risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events over 5.4 years. Trulicity is FDA-approved for cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors.

Does Zepbound reduce cardiovascular risk? Likely, but definitive trial data is not yet available. The SURPASS-CVOT trial is expected to report results in late 2026. Post-hoc analyses suggest a 20% risk reduction, but this is not yet confirmed in a pre-specified cardiovascular outcomes trial.

How long does it take to see results with each medication? Weight loss becomes noticeable within 4-8 weeks for both medications. Zepbound produces faster and greater weight loss. A1C reduction is measurable within 4-6 weeks. Maximum effects occur at 20-24 weeks for Trulicity and 28-36 weeks for Zepbound due to longer titration.

Can I use compounded versions of these medications? Compounded tirzepatide is widely available and legal while branded Zepbound/Mounjaro remain on the FDA shortage list. Compounded dulaglutide is less common because Trulicity is not in shortage. Compounded medications are not FDA-approved and are prepared by state-licensed compounding pharmacies.

Sources

1. Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022.
2. Frias JP et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg versus dulaglutide 1.5 mg in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-11). The Lancet. 2021.
3. Del Prato S et al. Tirzepatide versus insulin degludec as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2021.
4. Samms RJ et al. GIPR agonism mediates weight-independent insulin sensitization by tirzepatide in obese mice. Cell Metabolism. 2023.
5. Gerstein HC et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2019.
6. Sattar N et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Circulation. 2024.
7. Rosenstock J et al. Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2021.
8. Ludvik B et al. Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec as add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2021.
9. Dahl D et al. Effect of subcutaneous tirzepatide vs placebo added to titrated insulin glargine on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS-5 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022.
10. Nauck MA et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art. Molecular Metabolism. 2021.
11. Holst JJ et al. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiological Reviews. 2007.
12. Baggio LL et al. Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology. 2007.
13. Wilding JPH et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
14. Davies M et al. Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2021.

Footer disclaimers

Platform Disclaimer. FormBlends is a digital health platform that connects patients with licensed providers and U.S.-based pharmacies. We do not manufacture, prescribe, or dispense medication directly. All clinical decisions are made by independent licensed providers.

Compounded Medication Notice. Compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide are not FDA-approved. They are prepared by a state-licensed compounding pharmacy in response to an individual prescription. Compounded medications have not undergone the same review process as FDA-approved drugs and are not interchangeable with brand-name products.

Results Disclaimer. Individual results vary. Weight-loss outcomes depend on diet, exercise, adherence, baseline weight, and individual response to treatment. Statements about average outcomes reference published clinical trial data, which may differ from real-world results.

Trademark Notice. Zepbound and Mounjaro are registered trademarks of Eli Lilly and Company. Trulicity is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company. Ozempic and Wegovy are registered trademarks of Novo Nordisk. FormBlends is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by any of these companies.