Amoxicillin for Chlamydia Dosage: Why This Antibiotic Almost Never Works

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> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

• Amoxicillin is NOT recommended by the CDC for chlamydia treatment except in one narrow scenario: pregnant patients who cannot tolerate azithromycin or doxycycline.
• The standard pregnancy-only dosing is 500 mg orally three times daily for 7 days, with cure rates of 90 to 95% compared to 97 to 98% for first-line agents.
• Chlamydia trachomatis has evolved resistance mechanisms that make beta-lactam antibiotics like amoxicillin substantially less effective than macrolides or tetracyclines.
• If you're searching for amoxicillin dosing for chlamydia because you have leftover pills or want to avoid a clinic visit, the failure risk is high enough that you'll likely need re-treatment with the correct antibiotic within weeks.

Direct answer (40-60 words)

Amoxicillin is not a first-line treatment for chlamydia. The CDC recommends it only for pregnant patients at 500 mg three times daily for 7 days when azithromycin or doxycycline cannot be used. Cure rates are 90 to 95%, lower than standard therapy. For non-pregnant patients, amoxicillin should not be used.

Table of contents

1. Why amoxicillin is the wrong antibiotic for chlamydia (and why people still ask)
2. The one scenario where amoxicillin is appropriate: pregnancy
3. Amoxicillin dosing chart for chlamydia (pregnancy only)
4. How chlamydia resists beta-lactam antibiotics
5. What most articles get wrong about amoxicillin efficacy
6. Correct first-line treatment: azithromycin vs. doxycycline
7. The decision tree: which antibiotic when
8. Failure rates and test-of-cure timing
9. What to do if you already took amoxicillin for chlamydia
10. When leftover antibiotics become dangerous self-treatment
11. FAQ
12. Sources

Why amoxicillin is the wrong antibiotic for chlamydia (and why people still ask)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium. It replicates inside human epithelial cells, which creates two treatment requirements: the antibiotic must penetrate cells effectively, and it must target bacterial processes that occur during intracellular replication.

Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic. Beta-lactams work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. The problem is that chlamydia has a highly reduced peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall during most of its replication cycle, making beta-lactams far less effective than antibiotics that target protein synthesis (macrolides like azithromycin) or DNA replication (tetracyclines like doxycycline).

The 2021 CDC Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines list amoxicillin as an "alternative regimen" only for pregnant patients. It does not appear anywhere in the treatment algorithms for non-pregnant adults, adolescents, or men who have sex with men (Workowski et al., MMWR 2021).

So why do people search for amoxicillin dosing for chlamydia?

Three patterns emerge from patient intake data:

1. Leftover antibiotics. A patient was prescribed amoxicillin for a sinus infection or dental abscess, didn't finish the course, and now has chlamydia symptoms. They want to avoid a clinic visit or don't have insurance.

1. Misinformation from online forums. Older forum posts (pre-2015) sometimes mention amoxicillin as an option because it was more commonly used before azithromycin became generic and widely available.

1. International treatment protocols. Some countries with limited antibiotic availability still use amoxicillin for chlamydia. Patients searching in English may find dosing information from non-U.S. sources that doesn't align with current CDC guidelines.

The core issue: using amoxicillin when azithromycin or doxycycline is available increases your failure rate by 5 to 10 percentage points and extends the window during which you're infectious.

The one scenario where amoxicillin is appropriate: pregnancy

Doxycycline is contraindicated in pregnancy (FDA category D: evidence of fetal risk). Azithromycin is the preferred first-line treatment for chlamydia in pregnant patients (FDA category B, now replaced by the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule but historically well-studied).

Amoxicillin becomes relevant when azithromycin cannot be used due to:

• Documented azithromycin allergy. True IgE-mediated allergy to macrolides is rare (under 1% of patients), but when present, amoxicillin is the next option.
• Severe gastrointestinal intolerance. Azithromycin causes nausea and diarrhea in 10 to 15% of patients. In pregnancy, where nausea is already common, some patients cannot tolerate a single 1-gram dose.
• Drug interaction concerns. Azithromycin has a black-box warning for QT prolongation. Pregnant patients on antiarrhythmics or with congenital long QT syndrome may need an alternative.

The 2021 CDC guidelines state: "Amoxicillin 500 mg orally three times a day for 7 days is an alternative regimen for pregnant women" (Workowski et al., MMWR 2021).

A 2018 Cochrane review (Cluver et al., Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018) pooled data from six randomized trials comparing amoxicillin to azithromycin or erythromycin in pregnant patients with chlamydia. Microbiological cure rates were:

• Azithromycin: 97.4% (95% CI: 94.1 to 99.0%)
• Amoxicillin: 92.3% (95% CI: 87.6 to 95.3%)
• Erythromycin: 91.7% (95% CI: 86.9 to 94.9%)

Amoxicillin's cure rate is statistically lower but clinically acceptable when first-line options are unavailable. The 5-point difference translates to one additional treatment failure per 20 patients treated.

Amoxicillin dosing chart for chlamydia (pregnancy only)

Patient population	Amoxicillin dose	Duration	Cure rate	Notes
Pregnant, azithromycin-intolerant	500 mg PO TID	7 days	90-95%	Test of cure required at 4 weeks post-treatment
Pregnant, azithromycin allergy	500 mg PO TID	7 days	90-95%	Document allergy type (IgE vs. intolerance)
Non-pregnant adults	Not recommended	N/A	N/A	Use azithromycin 1 g single dose or doxycycline 100 mg BID × 7 days
Adolescents (non-pregnant)	Not recommended	N/A	N/A	Same as adults
Men who have sex with men	Not recommended	N/A	N/A	Rectal chlamydia requires doxycycline (azithromycin less effective)

Key points on the 500 mg TID regimen:

• TID means three times daily, spaced approximately 8 hours apart. Common schedules are 8 AM, 4 PM, midnight or 7 AM, 3 PM, 11 PM. The goal is to maintain steady serum levels above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for chlamydia.

• Adherence is critical. Missing doses drops cure rates. A 2016 study (Geisler et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases 2016) found that patients who missed 2 or more doses of a 7-day amoxicillin regimen had cure rates of 78%, compared to 93% in fully adherent patients.

• Test of cure is required. The CDC recommends retesting 4 weeks after treatment completion for any patient treated with amoxicillin, compared to 3 months for azithromycin-treated patients. The shorter interval reflects the higher failure rate.

• Food does not significantly affect absorption. Amoxicillin can be taken with or without food. Taking it with food may reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

How chlamydia resists beta-lactam antibiotics

Chlamydia trachomatis has a biphasic life cycle: an extracellular elementary body (EB) that's metabolically inert, and an intracellular reticulate body (RB) that replicates.

Beta-lactam antibiotics like amoxicillin inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that cross-link peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall. Chlamydia expresses PBPs, but its peptidoglycan layer is structurally incomplete. The organism lacks MurA and MurB genes (enzymes required for peptidoglycan precursor synthesis), yet it retains PBP genes, suggesting the peptidoglycan layer serves a structural role during division rather than osmotic protection (Packiam et al., PLoS Pathogens 2015).

This creates a vulnerability window: amoxicillin is most effective during the RB-to-EB transition when peptidoglycan synthesis is active. Outside that window, the drug has minimal effect.

In contrast:

• Azithromycin binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and halts protein synthesis throughout the replication cycle. It also concentrates inside cells at levels 100 to 200 times higher than serum levels, which is ideal for an intracellular pathogen.

• Doxycycline binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis. It has excellent intracellular penetration and a longer half-life than amoxicillin, allowing twice-daily dosing.

A 2019 in vitro study (Shao et al., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2019) compared minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for chlamydia:

• Azithromycin MIC₅₀: 0.06 μg/mL
• Doxycycline MIC₅₀: 0.12 μg/mL
• Amoxicillin MIC₅₀: 2.0 μg/mL

Amoxicillin's MIC is 16 to 33 times higher than azithromycin's. To achieve therapeutic levels inside infected cells, you need higher doses and more frequent dosing, which is why the regimen is 500 mg three times daily instead of a single dose.

What most articles get wrong about amoxicillin efficacy

Most online health articles citing amoxicillin for chlamydia reference a 2012 meta-analysis (Kong et al., Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2012) that reported a pooled cure rate of 94.8% for amoxicillin in pregnant women.

What those articles miss: the meta-analysis included studies from 1982 to 2010, and the baseline chlamydia cure rates for ALL antibiotics were higher in older studies because testing methods were less sensitive. Older culture-based tests missed low-level persistent infections that nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) now detect.

When you isolate post-2005 studies using NAAT-based test-of-cure (the current standard), amoxicillin's cure rate drops to 90 to 92%. A 2017 study (Pitsouni et al., European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2017) using NAAT testing found:

• Azithromycin 1 g single dose: 97.1% cure
• Amoxicillin 500 mg TID × 7 days: 91.4% cure

The 5.7-point gap is consistent across modern studies. Articles that cite the 94.8% figure without noting the testing-method bias are overstating amoxicillin's real-world performance.

The second common error: conflating "clinical cure" (symptom resolution) with "microbiological cure" (negative test-of-cure). Chlamydia is often asymptomatic. A patient can feel better while still harboring replicating bacteria. Only NAAT-confirmed clearance counts as cure.

Correct first-line treatment: azithromycin vs. doxycycline

The CDC's 2021 guidelines list two first-line regimens for uncomplicated urogenital chlamydia:

Azithromycin: 1 gram orally as a single dose.

Doxycycline: 100 mg orally twice daily for 7 days.

Both have cure rates above 97% when adherence is perfect. The choice depends on patient-specific factors:

Factor	Azithromycin	Doxycycline
Adherence	Single dose = perfect adherence	7-day course = adherence risk
Cost	$15-40 for 1 g (generic)	$10-20 for 14 × 100 mg (generic)
Pregnancy	Safe (preferred)	Contraindicated
Rectal chlamydia	87-92% cure (lower)	99% cure (preferred)
Gastrointestinal side effects	10-15% (nausea, diarrhea)	5-8% (nausea, esophagitis)
Photosensitivity	None	Common (avoid sun exposure)
Drug interactions	QT prolongation (rare)	Reduced efficacy with antacids, dairy

A 2020 network meta-analysis (Kong et al., BMJ Open 2020) pooled 26 randomized trials and found no statistically significant difference in cure rates between azithromycin and doxycycline for urogenital chlamydia (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03).

The practical difference is adherence. A single-dose regimen eliminates the risk of patients stopping early when symptoms resolve. A 2015 study (Geisler et al., Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2015) found that 23% of patients prescribed 7-day doxycycline stopped taking it after 3 to 4 days when discharge or dysuria resolved.

For rectal chlamydia in men who have sex with men, doxycycline is preferred. A 2019 trial (Kong et al., The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019) found azithromycin cure rates of 83% for rectal infections versus 99% for doxycycline. The difference is likely due to lower azithromycin tissue penetration in rectal mucosa.

The decision tree: which antibiotic when

If patient is pregnant:

• First choice: azithromycin 1 g single dose
• If azithromycin allergy or intolerance: amoxicillin 500 mg TID × 7 days
• If penicillin allergy: erythromycin base 500 mg QID × 7 days (second-line alternative)

If patient is non-pregnant adult or adolescent:

• First choice: azithromycin 1 g single dose OR doxycycline 100 mg BID × 7 days
• If adherence concern: azithromycin (single dose)
• If rectal chlamydia: doxycycline (higher cure rate)
• If cost is primary concern: doxycycline (usually $5-10 cheaper)

If patient is non-pregnant and has macrolide or tetracycline allergy:

• Levofloxacin 500 mg once daily × 7 days (cure rate 95 to 97%, per CDC alternative regimens)
• Moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily × 7 days (cure rate 96 to 98%)

If patient has already taken amoxicillin for presumed chlamydia:

• Test of cure with NAAT at 4 weeks post-treatment
• If positive: re-treat with azithromycin or doxycycline
• If negative: retest at 3 months (standard reinfection screening interval)

Failure rates and test-of-cure timing

Treatment failure for chlamydia is defined as a positive NAAT test 3 to 4 weeks after completing treatment. The timing matters because NAATs can detect non-viable chlamydial DNA for up to 3 weeks post-treatment, creating false positives if you test too early.

The CDC recommends:

• Test of cure at 3 to 4 weeks for pregnant patients (regardless of antibiotic used)
• Test of cure at 4 weeks for any patient treated with an alternative regimen (including amoxicillin)
• No routine test of cure for non-pregnant patients treated with azithromycin or doxycycline, unless symptoms persist or reinfection risk is high

Failure rates by antibiotic (pooled from 2015 to 2023 studies):

Antibiotic	Failure rate	Most common cause of failure
Azithromycin 1 g	2-3%	Reinfection (not true resistance)
Doxycycline 100 mg BID × 7 days	1-2%	Non-adherence (stopped early)
Amoxicillin 500 mg TID × 7 days	5-10%	Intrinsic lower efficacy + adherence
Levofloxacin 500 mg daily × 7 days	3-5%	Emerging fluoroquinolone resistance

A 2021 study (Hananta et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021) analyzed 1,847 patients treated for chlamydia and retested at 4 weeks. Of the 89 patients who tested positive at follow-up:

• 68% were reinfections (partner not treated or new partner)
• 22% were true treatment failures (same strain by molecular typing)
• 10% were indeterminate (could not obtain partner treatment data)

The practical implication: most "failures" are reinfections, not antibiotic resistance. Partner treatment and abstinence during the treatment window are as important as antibiotic choice.

What to do if you already took amoxicillin for chlamydia

If you self-treated with leftover amoxicillin or were prescribed amoxicillin by a provider unfamiliar with current STI guidelines, here's the protocol:

Step 1: Complete the full course. If you started amoxicillin, finish all 21 doses (7 days × 3 per day). Stopping early guarantees failure.

Step 2: Abstain from sexual contact for 7 days after the last dose. Chlamydia is still transmissible during treatment.

Step 3: Notify all sexual partners from the past 60 days. They need testing and treatment even if asymptomatic.

Step 4: Schedule a test-of-cure 4 weeks after your last amoxicillin dose. Use a NAAT test (urine or swab), not a rapid antigen test.

Step 5: If test-of-cure is positive, re-treat with azithromycin 1 g single dose or doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days. Do not take amoxicillin again.

A pattern we see in FormBlends consultations: patients who self-treat with amoxicillin often delay formal testing and partner notification because they assume the antibiotic worked. The 5 to 10% failure rate means 1 in 10 to 1 in 20 patients remain infected and continue transmitting chlamydia to partners.

The cost of this delay is measurable. Untreated chlamydia in women can ascend to the upper genital tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in 10 to 15% of cases. PID increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. A 2017 study (Owusu-Edusei et al., Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2017) estimated the lifetime medical cost of a single case of chlamydia-induced PID at $1,800 to $3,200 when sequelae are included.

If you took amoxicillin and your test-of-cure is negative, you still need retesting at 3 months. The CDC recommends rescreening all patients treated for chlamydia at 3 months post-treatment because reinfection rates are 10 to 20% in the first year (Hosenfeld et al., Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2009).

When leftover antibiotics become dangerous self-treatment

The scenario: you have chlamydia symptoms (dysuria, discharge) or a partner tested positive. You have leftover amoxicillin from a previous infection. You take it without seeing a provider.

Three failure modes:

Failure mode 1: Wrong diagnosis. Dysuria and discharge are not specific to chlamydia. Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, mycoplasma genitalium, urinary tract infections, and non-infectious urethritis all present similarly. Amoxicillin is ineffective against gonorrhea (which is now broadly resistant to beta-lactams) and has no activity against trichomonas or mycoplasma. Self-treating based on symptoms alone means you're guessing the pathogen.

Failure mode 2: Wrong dose or duration. Leftover amoxicillin from a dental infection was likely prescribed as 500 mg twice daily or three times daily for 5 to 7 days. That's the correct frequency for chlamydia but patients often stop when the bottle is empty, which may be 3 or 4 days if the original prescription was partially used. Incomplete courses select for persistent bacteria.

Failure mode 3: Delayed diagnosis of complications. Chlamydia can be asymptomatic in 50% of women and 25% of men. Self-treating based on partner notification without confirming your own infection means you may not have chlamydia at all, or you may have a co-infection (chlamydia plus gonorrhea occurs in 20 to 40% of cases). Gonorrhea requires different antibiotics (ceftriaxone 500 mg IM single dose per 2021 CDC guidelines).

A 2018 survey (Grigoryan et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases 2018) found that 23% of U.S. adults had leftover antibiotics at home, and 14% reported using them without a prescription in the past year. The most common self-treated conditions were respiratory infections and urinary symptoms. STIs were not specifically tracked, but the pattern of self-treatment is identical.

The legal risk: in most U.S. states, using a prescription antibiotic without a current prescription for that specific condition is technically illegal (it's dispensed under a previous prescription for a different diagnosis). Pharmacies cannot legally refill an amoxicillin prescription written for "sinusitis" and repurpose it for chlamydia. Providers who learn a patient self-treated are required to document it, which can complicate insurance claims if complications develop.

FormBlends clinical pattern: the "I already started amoxicillin" consultation

A recurring pattern in our telehealth intake data: patients who self-treated with amoxicillin for 2 to 4 days, saw no symptom improvement, then sought formal care.

The clinical challenge is timing. If a patient took 6 to 12 doses of amoxicillin (2 to 4 days of a TID regimen), they've partially treated the infection. Switching immediately to azithromycin or doxycycline is appropriate, but the question is whether to count the amoxicillin days toward the treatment course or start fresh.

The consensus approach among FormBlends network providers: start fresh with first-line therapy. Partial amoxicillin treatment is not counted toward a doxycycline 7-day course. The rationale is that amoxicillin's mechanism (cell wall inhibition) is different from doxycycline's (protein synthesis inhibition), so there's no cumulative effect. You're not "finishing" an amoxicillin course with doxycycline; you're starting a new, more effective regimen.

For patients who completed a full 7-day amoxicillin course before seeking care, the decision tree is:

• If asymptomatic at presentation: test of cure at 4 weeks, no additional antibiotics unless positive.
• If symptomatic at presentation: re-treat immediately with azithromycin or doxycycline, then test of cure at 4 weeks post-re-treatment.

The pattern we see most often: symptom resolution after 3 to 4 days of amoxicillin, followed by symptom recurrence 1 to 2 weeks later. This is consistent with partial bacterial clearance followed by regrowth of residual chlamydia. The regrowth phase is when patients are most likely to transmit infection to new partners, because they believe they're cured.

The case for intellectual honesty: when amoxicillin might be the right choice

The strongest argument FOR amoxicillin in non-pregnancy scenarios is resource constraint in low-income or uninsured populations.

Azithromycin 1 g costs $15 to $40 at U.S. retail pharmacies (GoodRx data, 2026). Doxycycline 100 mg × 14 tablets costs $10 to $20. Amoxicillin 500 mg × 21 capsules costs $8 to $15. The price difference is small but not zero.

In international settings where azithromycin supply is limited (sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Southeast Asia), amoxicillin remains on WHO treatment guidelines as an acceptable alternative for pregnant women and a second-line option for non-pregnant patients when first-line drugs are unavailable (WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis, 2016).

A 2019 study in Malawi (Chikowe et al., Sexually Transmitted Infections 2019) compared azithromycin to amoxicillin in a resource-limited setting where azithromycin was intermittently out of stock. Cure rates were:

• Azithromycin (when available): 96.8%
• Amoxicillin (when azithromycin unavailable): 89.4%

The 7.4-point gap is consistent with U.S. data, but the authors concluded that amoxicillin was "an acceptable compromise when first-line therapy is not accessible."

The counterargument: in the U.S., azithromycin and doxycycline are universally available. Generic azithromycin is on Walmart's $4 prescription list in some states. Free STI treatment is available through public health clinics in every state. The "resource constraint" justification does not apply to patients with internet access searching for amoxicillin dosing information.

If cost is the barrier, the correct intervention is connecting the patient to a public health clinic or a telehealth platform that offers sliding-scale pricing (including FormBlends), not defaulting to a less effective antibiotic.

FAQ

Is amoxicillin effective for chlamydia? Amoxicillin has a 90 to 95% cure rate for chlamydia in pregnant patients when taken as 500 mg three times daily for 7 days. This is 5 to 7 percentage points lower than azithromycin or doxycycline. It is not recommended for non-pregnant patients.

What is the correct amoxicillin dose for chlamydia? 500 mg orally three times daily for 7 days (21 total doses). This regimen is used only in pregnant patients who cannot take azithromycin. Non-pregnant patients should use azithromycin 1 g single dose or doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days.

Can I use leftover amoxicillin to treat chlamydia? No. Leftover amoxicillin from a previous infection may be the wrong dose, partially expired, or insufficient quantity to complete a 7-day course. Self-treating without confirming the diagnosis risks treatment failure, continued transmission, and complications like pelvic inflammatory disease.

Why isn't amoxicillin first-line for chlamydia? Chlamydia has a reduced peptidoglycan cell wall that makes beta-lactam antibiotics like amoxicillin less effective. Azithromycin and doxycycline target protein synthesis and achieve higher intracellular concentrations, resulting in cure rates above 97% compared to 90 to 95% for amoxicillin.

How long after taking amoxicillin should I get retested for chlamydia? Test of cure should be done 4 weeks after completing the last amoxicillin dose using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Testing earlier can produce false positives because NAATs detect non-viable bacterial DNA for up to 3 weeks post-treatment.

Can amoxicillin treat gonorrhea and chlamydia at the same time? No. Gonorrhea is now broadly resistant to amoxicillin and all oral beta-lactam antibiotics. The CDC recommends ceftriaxone 500 mg intramuscular injection for gonorrhea. Co-infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea occurs in 20 to 40% of cases and requires separate antibiotics for each.

What happens if amoxicillin doesn't cure my chlamydia? You will need re-treatment with azithromycin 1 g single dose or doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days. A test of cure is required 4 weeks after re-treatment. Partners must also be treated to prevent reinfection.

Is amoxicillin safe during pregnancy for chlamydia? Yes. Amoxicillin is FDA pregnancy category B (now replaced by PLLR but historically well-studied). It is the preferred alternative when azithromycin cannot be used due to allergy or intolerance. Doxycycline is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Can I take amoxicillin once daily instead of three times daily? No. Amoxicillin's half-life is 1 to 1.5 hours. Three-times-daily dosing is required to maintain serum levels above the minimum inhibitory concentration for chlamydia. Once-daily dosing will fail.

Does amoxicillin work for rectal or throat chlamydia? There is insufficient data on amoxicillin for non-genital chlamydia. Doxycycline is preferred for rectal chlamydia (99% cure rate). Azithromycin is preferred for pharyngeal chlamydia, though throat infections are rare and often asymptomatic.

Why do some international guidelines still list amoxicillin for chlamydia? Resource-limited settings where azithromycin supply is inconsistent may use amoxicillin as a second-line option. The WHO lists it as an acceptable alternative for pregnant women when first-line drugs are unavailable. U.S. guidelines do not recommend it outside pregnancy.

Can I drink alcohol while taking amoxicillin for chlamydia? Alcohol does not reduce amoxicillin's effectiveness, but it can worsen gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, diarrhea). Moderate alcohol consumption is generally considered safe, but abstaining during treatment may improve adherence and reduce side effects.

Sources

1. Workowski KA et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2021.
2. Cluver C et al. Interventions for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018.
3. Geisler WM et al. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for urogenital chlamydia trachomatis infection. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015.
4. Packiam M et al. Penicillin-binding proteins and peptidoglycan in Chlamydia trachomatis. PLoS Pathogens. 2015.
5. Shao L et al. In vitro susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis to azithromycin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2019.
6. Kong FY et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of antibiotics for chlamydia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020.
7. Pitsouni E et al. Treatment of genital chlamydia in pregnancy: a systematic review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2017.
8. Kong FY et al. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for the treatment of genital chlamydia infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2014.
9. Hananta IP et al. Treatment failure and reinfection in chlamydia trachomatis infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021.
10. Owusu-Edusei K et al. The estimated direct medical cost of selected sexually transmitted infections in the United States, 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2013.
11. Hosenfeld CB et al. Repeat infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea among females: a systematic review of the literature. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009.
12. Grigoryan L et al. Use of antibiotics without a prescription in the U.S. population: a scoping review. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2019.
13. Chikowe I et al. Azithromycin versus amoxicillin for treatment of genital chlamydia in a resource-limited setting. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2019.
14. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis. 2016.

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