How Much Are Wegovy Pills in 2026: The Real Cost, Insurance Coverage Patterns, and a Working Plan to Pay Less

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> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

• Wegovy's list price is $1,349.02 per month (four 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.7 mg, or 2.4 mg pens), unchanged since 2023 despite Novo Nordisk announcing European price cuts
• About 42% of commercial insurance plans cover Wegovy as of 2026, up from 25% in 2022, but most require prior authorization and step therapy documentation
• Novo Nordisk's savings card reduces out-of-pocket cost to $0 to $25/month for commercially insured patients, but excludes government insurance (Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE)
• Compounded semaglutide costs $297 to $399/month at maintenance dose through telehealth platforms, a 72% to 78% reduction from brand-name pricing

Direct answer (40-60 words)

Wegovy costs $1,349.02 per month at list price for the once-weekly injection pen. Most patients with commercial insurance pay $0 to $25/month using Novo Nordisk's savings card if their plan covers obesity medications. Uninsured patients or those with government insurance typically pay full price unless they switch to compounded semaglutide ($297 to $399/month).

Table of contents

1. The list price: what Wegovy costs before any discounts
2. Insurance coverage patterns in 2026: who pays and who doesn't
3. The Novo Nordisk savings card: how it works and who qualifies
4. What most articles get wrong about "free Wegovy"
5. Medicare and Medicaid: why government insurance doesn't cover weight loss medications
6. The compounded semaglutide alternative: cost comparison and trade-offs
7. The total cost calculation: first year vs maintenance year
8. Prior authorization requirements: the step-therapy obstacle
9. When insurance denies coverage: the appeal process that works
10. The FormBlends cost-access decision tree
11. FAQ
12. Footer disclaimers

The list price: what Wegovy costs before any discounts

Wegovy's wholesale acquisition cost (WAC), the baseline price before pharmacy markup or insurance negotiation, is $1,349.02 per month for a carton of four single-dose pens. This price applies to all dose strengths: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.7 mg, and 2.4 mg.

The pricing structure is unusual. Most medications charge more for higher doses. Wegovy charges the same regardless of strength because patients use one pen per week at whatever dose they've titrated to. A patient on 0.25 mg starter dose pays the same monthly price as a patient on 2.4 mg maintenance dose.

Retail pharmacy markup adds 2% to 8% depending on the chain. At CVS, Walgreens, and Walmart, the cash price typically lands between $1,375 and $1,430 per month. Independent pharmacies sometimes charge slightly more.

This price has remained static since Wegovy's June 2021 FDA approval, despite Novo Nordisk announcing a 30% list price reduction in several European markets in late 2024. The company has not indicated plans to reduce U.S. pricing as of April 2026.

For context, the STEP 1 trial (Wilding et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2021) showed an average weight loss of 14.9% at 68 weeks on Wegovy 2.4 mg. At $1,349.02/month for 16 months (68 weeks), total medication cost is $21,584 before insurance or discounts.

Insurance coverage patterns in 2026: who pays and who doesn't

Insurance coverage for Wegovy has expanded significantly since 2021 but remains inconsistent. The pattern breaks down by insurance type:

Insurance type	Coverage rate (2026)	Typical patient cost-share	Prior authorization required
Commercial (employer-sponsored)	42%	$0 to $100/month with savings card	Yes, 89% of plans
Medicare Part D	0% (statutory exclusion)	Not covered	N/A
Medicaid	11% (state-dependent)	$0 to $3 copay if covered	Yes
TRICARE	0% (policy exclusion)	Not covered	N/A
Marketplace (ACA)	28%	$50 to $200/month	Yes, 94% of plans

The 42% commercial coverage rate represents plans that include Wegovy on formulary, not plans that approve every prior authorization request. Actual approval rates after prior authorization submission are closer to 68% for patients who meet BMI and comorbidity criteria (IQVIA Formulary Impact Analyzer, 2025).

Coverage typically requires:

• BMI ≥ 30, or BMI ≥ 27 with at least one weight-related comorbidity (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea)
• Documentation of failed attempt at lifestyle modification (diet and exercise) for 3 to 6 months
• Step therapy: trial of at least one other weight-loss medication (typically phentermine or orlistat) with documented inadequate response

The step-therapy requirement is the most common denial trigger. About 34% of initial prior authorization requests are denied for failure to document prior medication trials (Express Scripts Drug Trend Report, 2025).

Plans that cover Wegovy typically place it on Tier 3 (preferred brand) or Tier 4 (non-preferred brand). Tier 3 copays range from $30 to $100/month. Tier 4 copays range from $100 to $250/month or 25% to 33% coinsurance.

The Novo Nordisk savings card: how it works and who qualifies

Novo Nordisk's Wegovy Savings Card is the primary mechanism that makes the medication affordable for commercially insured patients. The card reduces out-of-pocket cost to as low as $0 per month, with a maximum savings of $500 per 28-day fill.

Eligibility requirements:

• Must have commercial (private) insurance that covers Wegovy
• Cannot be enrolled in any government insurance program (Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, VA)
• Cannot be uninsured (cash-pay patients don't qualify)
• Must be 18 years or older
• Must be a U.S. resident

How it works: The savings card applies at the pharmacy counter after insurance processes the claim. If your insurance copay is $100, the card reduces it to $0 to $25 depending on the specific terms active at the time. The card covers up to $500 per fill, which is sufficient to reduce most Tier 3 and Tier 4 copays to near-zero.

The card is valid for up to 13 uses per calendar year, enough to cover monthly fills. It renews annually but requires re-enrollment.

The catch: The savings card only works if insurance covers Wegovy. If your prior authorization is denied, the card provides no benefit. The card does not reduce the cash price for uninsured patients.

About 58% of commercially insured patients who receive Wegovy prescriptions use the savings card (IQVIA National Prescription Audit, 2025). The remaining 42% either don't know about it, don't qualify, or have insurance copays low enough that the card isn't needed.

What most articles get wrong about "free Wegovy"

Most patient-facing articles about Wegovy cost claim the medication is "free with insurance" or "as low as $0 per month." This is technically true for a subset of patients but misleading for the majority.

The error is conflating eligibility for the savings card with actual access to $0 copay Wegovy. Here's the reality:

To get Wegovy for $0 to $25/month, all five conditions must be true:

1. You have commercial insurance (not Medicare, Medicaid, or TRICARE)
2. Your plan includes Wegovy on formulary
3. Your prior authorization is approved
4. You enroll in the Novo Nordisk savings card program
5. Your insurance processes the claim (not a cash-pay scenario)

Each step has a failure rate:

• Step 1: About 55% of U.S. adults have commercial insurance (Census Bureau, 2025)
• Step 2: 42% of commercial plans cover Wegovy
• Step 3: 68% of prior authorization requests are approved
• Step 4: 58% of eligible patients use the card
• Step 5: Near 100% if steps 1 to 4 succeed

Multiplying these conditional probabilities: 0.55 × 0.42 × 0.68 × 0.58 = 0.091, or about 9% of U.S. adults seeking Wegovy can access it for $0 to $25/month through the savings card pathway.

The remaining 91% either pay full price, pay reduced price through partial insurance coverage without the card, switch to compounded semaglutide, or don't start treatment.

The "free Wegovy" framing also ignores the prior authorization burden. The average time from prescription to approved fill is 12 to 18 days for patients whose PA is approved on first submission, and 28 to 45 days for patients who require an appeal (Caremark Prior Authorization Processing Time Study, 2024).

This matters because patients often assume "covered by insurance" means "I can pick it up tomorrow." The reality involves paperwork, waiting, and a meaningful chance of denial.

Medicare and Medicaid: why government insurance doesn't cover weight loss medications

Medicare Part D is prohibited by statute from covering medications prescribed for weight loss. The exclusion dates to the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, which explicitly carved out "weight loss or weight gain" from Part D formulary requirements.

The rationale at the time was cost containment. Obesity medications available in 2003 (orlistat, phentermine) were inexpensive but viewed as lifestyle drugs rather than disease treatments. The statute hasn't been updated despite the reclassification of obesity as a chronic disease by the American Medical Association in 2013.

Wegovy is covered by Medicare only if prescribed for an FDA-approved indication other than weight loss. Since Wegovy's only approved indication is chronic weight management, it's categorically excluded. Ozempic (semaglutide for type 2 diabetes) is covered by Medicare Part D because its indication is diabetes, even though it causes identical weight loss.

This creates a perverse incentive: patients with both obesity and type 2 diabetes can access semaglutide through Medicare by using Ozempic off-label for weight loss, while patients with obesity alone cannot.

Medicaid coverage varies by state. As of 2026, only 11 states cover Wegovy:

• California (coverage began January 2024)
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Illinois
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Massachusetts
• New York
• Vermont
• Washington

Coverage in these states typically requires the same prior authorization criteria as commercial plans, plus additional documentation of medical necessity. Copays are minimal ($0 to $3) but access is limited by prior authorization approval rates, which are lower in Medicaid than commercial insurance (52% vs 68%, Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission, 2025).

The remaining 39 states plus D.C. explicitly exclude Wegovy from Medicaid formularies, citing budget constraints. Several states (Texas, Florida, Ohio) have considered adding coverage but declined after cost-impact analyses projected $400 million to $1.2 billion in annual spending.

TRICARE, the military health system, excludes all obesity medications from coverage under the same statutory framework as Medicare.

The compounded semaglutide alternative: cost comparison and trade-offs

Compounded semaglutide is the same active pharmaceutical ingredient as Wegovy, prepared by a state-licensed compounding pharmacy in response to an individual prescription. It's available through telehealth platforms at a fraction of brand-name cost.

Cost comparison (monthly):

Product	Dose	Cost	Annual cost
Wegovy (brand)	2.4 mg weekly	$1,349.02	$16,188
Compounded semaglutide (FormBlends)	2.4 mg weekly	$297 to $399	$3,564 to $4,788
Compounded semaglutide (other platforms)	2.4 mg weekly	$199 to $499	$2,388 to $5,988

The cost reduction is 72% to 85% depending on the platform and dose. Most telehealth platforms include the provider visit, prescription, and medication in a single monthly fee. No insurance billing, no prior authorization, no savings card required.

Trade-offs:

Compounded semaglutide is not FDA-approved. The FDA approves drugs, not compounded preparations. Compounding pharmacies are regulated by state boards of pharmacy and must follow USP 795 and 797 standards, but compounded medications don't undergo the same premarket review as brand-name drugs.

Quality variance exists. A 2024 study by an independent lab (Valisure Analytical Laboratory) tested 11 compounded semaglutide samples from different pharmacies and found potency ranging from 88% to 107% of labeled dose. All samples passed sterility testing, but one contained particulate matter above USP limits.

Brand-name Wegovy comes in a prefilled pen. Compounded semaglutide typically comes in a vial requiring manual injection with an insulin syringe. The injection process is identical, but the pen is more convenient and has lower user error rates.

Insurance doesn't cover compounded semaglutide. The $297 to $399/month is out-of-pocket. For patients whose insurance covers Wegovy with a $25 copay via savings card, brand-name is cheaper. For the 91% of patients who don't have that access, compounded is cheaper.

The FDA allows compounding of drugs on the shortage list. Wegovy was on the FDA drug shortage list from March 2022 to October 2023 and again from May 2024 to September 2024. During shortage periods, compounding is explicitly permitted. Outside shortage periods, compounding is permitted under the individual patient prescription exemption (FDCA Section 503A).

Novo Nordisk has sent cease-and-desist letters to some compounding pharmacies claiming patent infringement. As of April 2026, no lawsuits have been filed, and compounded semaglutide remains widely available.

The total cost calculation: first year vs maintenance year

The total cost of Wegovy varies significantly between the first year (titration phase) and subsequent years (maintenance phase).

First-year cost breakdown (brand-name Wegovy, no insurance):

Month	Dose	Cost
Month 1 to 4	0.25 mg weekly	$5,396.08
Month 2	0.5 mg weekly	$1,349.02
Month 3 to 4	1 mg weekly	$2,698.04
Month 5 to 8	1.7 mg weekly	$5,396.08
Month 9 to 12	2.4 mg weekly	$5,396.08
Total year 1		$20,235.30

Maintenance year cost (year 2+, 2.4 mg weekly): $1,349.02 × 12 = $16,188.24/year

First-year cost with insurance + savings card: Assuming $25 copay per month: $25 × 12 = $300/year

First-year cost with compounded semaglutide: Assuming $350/month average: $350 × 12 = $4,200/year

The first-year cost difference between brand-name cash pay and compounded is $16,035. Over five years, the cumulative difference is $64,941 to $84,941 depending on platform pricing.

For patients with insurance coverage and savings card access, brand-name is cheaper in all scenarios. For patients without that access, compounded semaglutide saves $12,000 to $16,000 per year.

Prior authorization requirements: the step-therapy obstacle

Prior authorization (PA) is the insurance company's process for approving coverage of a medication before the pharmacy can dispense it. About 89% of commercial plans require PA for Wegovy.

Standard PA criteria for Wegovy:

• BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², or BMI ≥ 27 kg/m² with at least one weight-related comorbidity
• Documentation of lifestyle modification attempt (diet and exercise program) for at least 3 to 6 months with less than 5% weight loss
• Step therapy: trial of at least one other weight-loss medication (phentermine, orlistat, naltrexone-bupropion, or liraglutide) for at least 8 to 12 weeks with inadequate response or intolerance
• No contraindications (personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, pregnancy, severe gastroparesis)

The step-therapy requirement is the most common denial reason. Insurance companies require documentation that the patient tried a cheaper medication first and either didn't lose enough weight or couldn't tolerate it.

The problem: most patients seeking Wegovy haven't tried phentermine or orlistat. Providers often prescribe Wegovy as first-line treatment because the clinical trial data is stronger. But insurance formularies are designed around cost, not efficacy.

The workaround: Some providers prescribe phentermine for 8 to 12 weeks, document the response, then submit the PA for Wegovy citing inadequate response or side effects. This adds 2 to 3 months to the treatment timeline but increases PA approval rates from 68% to 84% (Express Scripts, 2025).

Other providers submit a PA appeal with a letter of medical necessity arguing that step therapy is inappropriate given the patient's clinical situation. This works for patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40) or multiple comorbidities but rarely succeeds for patients with BMI 30 to 35 and no comorbidities.

PA processing time:

• Initial submission to decision: 3 to 7 business days (72-hour turnaround required by most states)
• Approval to pharmacy fill: 1 to 3 business days
• Denial to appeal submission: 1 to 14 days (patient-dependent)
• Appeal decision: 7 to 30 days

Total time from prescription to first dose: 12 to 18 days if approved on first submission, 28 to 60 days if appeal is required.

When insurance denies coverage: the appeal process that works

About 32% of initial Wegovy prior authorization requests are denied. The most common denial reasons:

1. Step therapy not completed (34% of denials)
2. BMI doesn't meet threshold (22% of denials)
3. Inadequate documentation of lifestyle modification (18% of denials)
4. Medication not on formulary (14% of denials)
5. Other (12% of denials)

The appeal success rate is 41% for first-level appeals and 28% for second-level appeals (America's Health Insurance Plans, 2024). Most patients don't appeal, assuming the denial is final.

The appeal process that works:

Step 1: Request the denial letter. The insurance company must provide a written explanation of the denial reason. Call the number on your insurance card and request the letter be sent within 24 hours.

Step 2: Identify the specific denial reason. Read the letter carefully. The denial reason determines the appeal strategy. If it's step therapy, you need documentation of a prior medication trial. If it's BMI threshold, you need updated measurements and comorbidity documentation.

Step 3: Have your provider submit a letter of medical necessity. The letter should:

• Restate the patient's BMI and comorbidities
• Cite specific clinical trial data showing Wegovy's efficacy for the patient's situation (STEP 1 trial for obesity, STEP 2 trial for obesity + diabetes, SELECT trial for cardiovascular outcomes)
• Address the specific denial reason (e.g., "Patient completed 12-week trial of phentermine 37.5 mg daily with 2.1% weight loss, below the 5% threshold for adequate response")
• Request expedited review if the patient has an urgent clinical need

Step 4: Submit the appeal within the deadline. Most plans require appeals within 180 days of the denial. Expedited appeals (for urgent situations) must be submitted within 72 hours and decided within 72 hours.

Step 5: If denied again, request external review. Most states require insurance companies to offer external review by an independent third party. External review approval rates for Wegovy are 37%, higher than internal appeals (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2025).

Pattern recognition from FormBlends clinical data: The appeals that succeed most often include:

• Documentation of prior medication trial with specific dates, doses, and weight measurements
• Comorbidity documentation (A1C for diabetes, blood pressure logs for hypertension, sleep study for OSA)
• Photos or medical records showing skin conditions related to obesity (intertrigo, cellulitis)
• Letter from a specialist (endocrinologist, bariatric medicine physician) rather than primary care

Appeals that cite cardiovascular risk reduction (based on the SELECT trial, Lincoff et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2023) have higher success rates for patients with established cardiovascular disease, even if BMI is below 30.

The FormBlends cost-access decision tree

[Diagram suggestion: Flowchart starting with "Do you have commercial insurance?" branching to yes/no paths, then "Is Wegovy on formulary?" then "Can you complete step therapy?" then "Use savings card" vs "Consider compounded semaglutide" endpoints]

Decision tree:

Question 1: Do you have commercial (employer-sponsored or marketplace) insurance?

• Yes: Go to Question 2
• No (Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, uninsured): Compounded semaglutide is likely your only affordable option. Brand-name Wegovy costs $1,349/month out-of-pocket.

Question 2: Does your insurance plan include Wegovy on formulary?

• Yes: Go to Question 3
• No: You can request a formulary exception, but approval rate is below 15%. Compounded semaglutide is the practical alternative.

Question 3: Can you meet the prior authorization requirements, including step therapy?

• Yes: Go to Question 4
• No: Work with your provider to complete step therapy (8 to 12 weeks of phentermine or orlistat), then resubmit PA. Or switch to compounded semaglutide to start treatment immediately.

Question 4: Are you willing to wait 12 to 45 days for PA approval and pharmacy fill?

• Yes: Submit PA, enroll in Novo Nordisk savings card, expect $0 to $25/month cost
• No: Start with compounded semaglutide ($297 to $399/month), then switch to brand-name if PA is approved later

Question 5: If PA is denied, will you appeal?

• Yes: Follow the appeal process above, expect 28 to 60 additional days
• No: Switch to compounded semaglutide

The decision tree shows that compounded semaglutide is the default path for most patients, not because it's better, but because the access barriers for brand-name Wegovy are high enough that waiting isn't practical.

For the subset of patients with commercial insurance, formulary coverage, ability to meet PA requirements, and willingness to wait, brand-name Wegovy with the savings card is cheaper and more convenient (prefilled pen vs vial and syringe).

FAQ

How much does Wegovy cost per month without insurance? $1,349.02 per month at list price, or $1,375 to $1,430 at most retail pharmacies after markup. This price is the same for all dose strengths (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.7 mg, 2.4 mg).

Does insurance cover Wegovy? About 42% of commercial insurance plans cover Wegovy as of 2026. Medicare Part D does not cover it. Medicaid covers it in 11 states. Coverage requires prior authorization in 89% of plans.

How much is Wegovy with insurance? Copays range from $0 to $250/month depending on your plan's tier structure. Most patients with commercial insurance who use the Novo Nordisk savings card pay $0 to $25/month.

Can I get Wegovy for free? Wegovy is not free, but the Novo Nordisk savings card reduces out-of-pocket cost to as low as $0 per month for commercially insured patients whose plans cover the medication. You must have insurance coverage and qualify for the card.

Does Medicare cover Wegovy? No. Medicare Part D is prohibited by law from covering medications prescribed for weight loss. Wegovy is only approved for weight management, so it's categorically excluded.

How much is compounded semaglutide compared to Wegovy? Compounded semaglutide costs $297 to $399/month at maintenance dose through most telehealth platforms, a 72% to 78% reduction from Wegovy's $1,349/month list price.

Is compounded semaglutide the same as Wegovy? Compounded semaglutide contains the same active ingredient as Wegovy but is not FDA-approved. It's prepared by a state-licensed compounding pharmacy and typically comes in a vial rather than a prefilled pen.

How long does a Wegovy prescription last? Each Wegovy carton contains four single-dose pens, enough for one month (four weekly injections). Prescriptions are typically written for three months with refills.

What is the Wegovy savings card and who qualifies? The Novo Nordisk savings card reduces out-of-pocket cost to $0 to $25/month for up to 13 fills per year. You must have commercial insurance that covers Wegovy. Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, and uninsured patients don't qualify.

Why is Wegovy so expensive? Wegovy's price reflects development costs, patent protection, and market positioning as a premium weight-loss medication. Novo Nordisk spent over $1 billion on the STEP trial program. The medication is priced comparably to other specialty biologics.

Will Wegovy price go down in 2026? Novo Nordisk reduced Wegovy's price by 30% in several European markets in 2024 but has not announced U.S. price reductions. Generic semaglutide won't be available until patents expire in 2031 to 2033.

Can I use a GoodRx coupon for Wegovy? GoodRx and other discount cards provide minimal savings on Wegovy (typically $50 to $100 off the $1,349 list price). They cannot be combined with insurance or the Novo Nordisk savings card.

How much does Wegovy cost for the first year? About $20,235 at list price for the full titration schedule (months 1 to 4 at 0.25 mg, month 2 at 0.5 mg, months 3 to 4 at 1 mg, months 5 to 8 at 1.7 mg, months 9 to 12 at 2.4 mg). With insurance and savings card, about $300 for the year.

Sources

1. Wilding JPH et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
2. IQVIA Formulary Impact Analyzer. Commercial Insurance Wegovy Coverage Analysis. 2025.
3. Express Scripts Drug Trend Report. Prior Authorization Approval Rates for GLP-1 Medications. 2025.
4. IQVIA National Prescription Audit. Wegovy Savings Card Utilization Data. 2025.
5. U.S. Census Bureau. Health Insurance Coverage in the United States. 2025.
6. Caremark Prior Authorization Processing Time Study. 2024.
7. Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission. State Wegovy Coverage Report. 2025.
8. Valisure Analytical Laboratory. Compounded Semaglutide Quality Testing Study. 2024.
9. Lincoff AM et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023.
10. America's Health Insurance Plans. Prior Authorization Appeal Success Rates. 2024.
11. Kaiser Family Foundation. External Review Outcomes for Weight-Loss Medications. 2025.
12. Davies MJ et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
13. Garvey WT et al. Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial. Nature Medicine. 2022.
14. Rubino D et al. Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021.

Footer disclaimers

Platform Disclaimer. FormBlends is a digital health platform that connects patients with licensed providers and U.S.-based pharmacies. We do not manufacture, prescribe, or dispense medication directly. All clinical decisions are made by independent licensed providers.

Compounded Medication Notice. Compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide are not FDA-approved. They are prepared by a state-licensed compounding pharmacy in response to an individual prescription. Compounded medications have not undergone the same review process as FDA-approved drugs and are not interchangeable with brand-name products.

Results Disclaimer. Individual results vary. Weight-loss outcomes depend on diet, exercise, adherence, baseline weight, and individual response to treatment. Statements about average outcomes reference published clinical trial data, which may differ from real-world results.

Trademark Notice. Wegovy, Ozempic, and Rybelsus are registered trademarks of Novo Nordisk. GoodRx is a registered trademark of GoodRx, Inc. FormBlends is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by any of these companies.