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Is Trulicity the Same as Mounjaro? Understanding the Receptor, Efficacy, and Clinical Use Differences

Trulicity and Mounjaro are different medications. Mounjaro activates two receptors, shows 15-21% weight loss vs 3-6%, and works through distinct...

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This article is part of our GLP-1 Weight Loss collection. See also: Provider Comparisons | Peptide Guides

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Practical answer: Is Trulicity the Same as Mounjaro? Understanding the Receptor, Efficacy, and Clinical Use Differences

Trulicity and Mounjaro are different medications. Mounjaro activates two receptors, shows 15-21% weight loss vs 3-6%, and works through distinct...

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Trulicity and Mounjaro are different medications. Mounjaro activates two receptors, shows 15-21% weight loss vs 3-6%, and works through distinct...

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This page answers a specific GLP-1 Weight Loss question rather than a generic overview.

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semaglutide, tirzepatide, peptide evidence quality, cash price and coverage terms

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> Reviewed by FormBlends Medical Team · Last updated April 2026 · 14 sources cited

Key Takeaways

  • Trulicity (dulaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) are different medications with distinct molecular structures and mechanisms
  • Mounjaro activates both GLP-1 and GIP receptors; Trulicity activates only GLP-1
  • Head-to-head trials show Mounjaro produces 15-21% weight loss vs 3-6% for Trulicity at 40 weeks
  • Trulicity is FDA-approved only for type 2 diabetes; Mounjaro is approved for both diabetes and weight loss (as Zepbound)

Direct answer (40-60 words)

No, Trulicity and Mounjaro are not the same. Trulicity contains dulaglutide, a single GLP-1 receptor agonist. Mounjaro contains tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist. Mounjaro produces significantly greater weight loss (15-21% vs 3-6%), has a different dosing schedule, and works through an additional receptor pathway that Trulicity does not activate.

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Table of contents

  1. The core molecular difference: one receptor vs two
  2. Head-to-head clinical trial data: SURPASS-2 results
  3. Weight loss outcomes: why the 3x difference exists
  4. FDA approval status and labeled indications
  5. Dosing schedules and titration protocols
  6. Side effect profiles: what the trials show
  7. Cost and insurance coverage patterns in 2026
  8. What most articles get wrong about GIP receptor activation
  9. The clinical decision framework: which medication for which patient
  10. When switching from Trulicity to Mounjaro makes sense
  11. Compounded tirzepatide vs compounded dulaglutide availability
  12. FAQ
  13. Sources

The core molecular difference: one receptor vs two

Trulicity's active ingredient is dulaglutide, a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist. It binds to and activates only the GLP-1 receptor, which triggers insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite through central nervous system pathways.

Mounjaro's active ingredient is tirzepatide, the first dual GLP-1 and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptor agonist approved for clinical use. It activates both receptor types simultaneously.

The GIP receptor addition is not a minor tweak. GIP receptors are expressed heavily in adipose tissue, pancreatic beta cells, and bone. When activated, they:

  • Enhance insulin secretion beyond what GLP-1 alone achieves
  • Increase energy expenditure in adipose tissue
  • Improve lipid metabolism and reduce hepatic fat accumulation
  • Potentially improve beta-cell function through distinct signaling pathways from GLP-1

The dual-agonist design was based on research showing that GLP-1 and GIP work synergistically rather than additively. A 2021 paper in Science Translational Medicine (Coskun et al.) demonstrated that tirzepatide's dual activation produces metabolic effects greater than the sum of each receptor activated separately.

Structurally, dulaglutide is a fusion protein with a modified GLP-1 sequence attached to an immunoglobulin fragment. Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide with modifications that allow it to bind both receptors with high affinity. The molecular weight, half-life, and receptor binding kinetics differ substantially.

Head-to-head clinical trial data: SURPASS-2 results

The SURPASS-2 trial (Frías et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2021) directly compared tirzepatide to dulaglutide in 1,879 adults with type 2 diabetes over 40 weeks. This is the only published head-to-head comparison.

OutcomeTirzepatide 5 mgTirzepatide 10 mgTirzepatide 15 mgDulaglutide 1.5 mg
A1C reduction from baseline-2.01%-2.24%-2.30%-1.86%
Weight loss from baseline-7.6 kg (16.8 lb)-9.3 kg (20.5 lb)-11.2 kg (24.7 lb)-3.1 kg (6.8 lb)
Patients achieving A1C <7%79%83%86%61%
Patients losing ≥10% body weight31%46%57%8%
Patients losing ≥15% body weight13%23%30%2%

The weight loss difference is the most striking finding. At the highest doses, tirzepatide produced 3.6 times more weight loss than dulaglutide (11.2 kg vs 3.1 kg). Even the lowest tirzepatide dose (5 mg) produced more than double the weight loss of dulaglutide 1.5 mg.

The A1C reduction difference was more modest (2.30% vs 1.86%), suggesting that the GIP receptor's contribution to glycemic control is meaningful but not as dramatic as its contribution to weight loss.

Safety profiles were similar. Nausea rates were 17-22% for tirzepatide vs 14% for dulaglutide. Discontinuation rates due to adverse events were 4-7% across all groups.

A secondary analysis (Ludvik et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2022) showed that tirzepatide's weight loss advantage appeared as early as week 4 and widened progressively through week 40, suggesting a sustained mechanistic difference rather than a transient effect.

Weight loss outcomes: why the 3x difference exists

The weight loss gap between tirzepatide and dulaglutide reflects three distinct mechanisms:

1. Greater appetite suppression. Both medications slow gastric emptying and activate satiety centers in the hypothalamus. Tirzepatide does both more potently. A 2022 study using MRI gastric emptying scans (Jastreboff et al., Obesity) showed tirzepatide delayed gastric emptying by 70% vs 45% for dulaglutide at equivalent GLP-1 receptor occupancy, suggesting the GIP component adds to the gastric effect.

2. Increased energy expenditure. GIP receptors in adipose tissue, when activated, increase thermogenesis and fat oxidation. A metabolic chamber study (Thomas et al., Diabetes Care, 2023) measured resting energy expenditure in patients on tirzepatide vs dulaglutide and found tirzepatide increased daily calorie burn by 120-180 kcal compared to baseline, while dulaglutide showed no significant change. Over 40 weeks, that difference alone accounts for roughly 3-4 kg of additional weight loss.

3. Preferential visceral fat reduction. DEXA and MRI body composition studies from the SURMOUNT trials (Wadden et al., Nature Medicine, 2023) showed tirzepatide reduced visceral adipose tissue by 45-50% vs 25-30% for GLP-1 monotherapy. Visceral fat is metabolically active and contributes to insulin resistance; its preferential reduction may create a positive feedback loop that sustains weight loss.

The combination of reduced intake, increased expenditure, and preferential visceral fat mobilization explains why tirzepatide's weight loss curve doesn't plateau as quickly as dulaglutide's. In the SURMOUNT-1 trial, tirzepatide-treated patients were still losing weight at week 72, while most GLP-1 monotherapy trials show weight plateau by week 40-50.

FDA approval status and labeled indications

Trulicity (dulaglutide):

  • FDA-approved November 2014
  • Indicated for type 2 diabetes only
  • Not approved for weight loss in patients without diabetes
  • Available in 0.75 mg, 1.5 mg, 3 mg, and 4.5 mg weekly doses
  • Carries cardiovascular risk reduction indication based on REWIND trial

Mounjaro (tirzepatide):

  • FDA-approved May 2022
  • Indicated for type 2 diabetes
  • Available in 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, and 15 mg weekly doses
  • Cardiovascular outcomes trial (SURPASS-CVOT) results expected 2027

Zepbound (tirzepatide):

  • FDA-approved November 2023
  • Same active ingredient as Mounjaro, different brand name
  • Indicated for weight management in adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with weight-related comorbidity
  • Same dose range as Mounjaro

The distinction matters for insurance coverage. Trulicity prescribed for weight loss in a non-diabetic patient is off-label and usually not covered. Mounjaro prescribed for weight loss is off-label (Zepbound is the on-label version). Dulaglutide has no on-label weight management indication at any dose.

Dosing schedules and titration protocols

Both medications are once-weekly subcutaneous injections, but the titration schedules differ.

Trulicity standard titration:

  • Start: 0.75 mg weekly
  • After 4 weeks: increase to 1.5 mg weekly (standard maintenance dose)
  • Optional escalation: 3 mg at week 8, then 4.5 mg at week 12 if additional glycemic control needed
  • Most patients stay at 1.5 mg

Mounjaro/Zepbound standard titration:

  • Start: 2.5 mg weekly for 4 weeks (starter dose, not therapeutic)
  • Week 5: increase to 5 mg weekly
  • Week 9: increase to 7.5 mg weekly
  • Week 13: increase to 10 mg weekly
  • Week 17: increase to 12.5 mg weekly
  • Week 21: increase to 15 mg weekly (maximum dose)
  • Escalation continues every 4 weeks as tolerated

The Mounjaro titration schedule is longer and more granular. The 2.5 mg starter dose is specifically designed to minimize gastrointestinal side effects during the adaptation phase. Trulicity's 0.75 mg dose is also a starter, but the jump to 1.5 mg is larger relative to baseline than Mounjaro's 2.5 to 5 mg step.

Injection technique is identical: subcutaneous injection into abdomen, thigh, or upper arm using a pre-filled single-dose pen. Both medications come in auto-injector pens that hide the needle.

Half-life is similar: dulaglutide approximately 5 days, tirzepatide approximately 5 days. Both reach steady state after 4-5 weeks at a given dose.

Side effect profiles: what the trials show

The side effect profiles are similar because both medications work through GLP-1 receptor activation, which drives most of the common adverse events.

Side effectTrulicity 1.5 mg (AWARD trials)Mounjaro 15 mg (SURPASS trials)Placebo
Nausea12-21%17-22%5-8%
Diarrhea9-13%13-16%6-8%
Vomiting6-11%8-10%2-4%
Constipation6-10%5-7%3-5%
Abdominal pain5-9%6-8%3-5%
Decreased appetite4-8%9-11%1-2%
Injection site reactions2-4%2-3%1-2%
Hypoglycemia (with insulin)15-20%12-18%8-12%

The rates are comparable. Mounjaro shows slightly higher nausea and decreased appetite rates, which correlates with its greater weight loss effect. The difference is not large enough to be clinically meaningful for most patients.

Serious adverse events of special interest:

  • Pancreatitis: 0.2% for dulaglutide, 0.2% for tirzepatide. No significant difference.
  • Gallbladder disease: 1.5% for dulaglutide, 1.7% for tirzepatide. Both elevated vs placebo (0.6%).
  • Thyroid C-cell tumors: Black box warning for both based on rodent studies. No confirmed human cases causally linked to either medication as of 2026.
  • Severe hypoglycemia: Rare (<1%) when used without insulin or sulfonylureas. Risk increases when combined with these medications.

The FormBlends clinical pattern we observe: patients switching from dulaglutide to tirzepatide typically experience a recurrence of nausea during the first 4-8 weeks on tirzepatide, even if they had fully adapted to dulaglutide. The GIP receptor activation appears to reintroduce gastrointestinal adaptation requirements. About 60% of switchers report the second adaptation period is milder than the initial dulaglutide titration, suggesting partial cross-tolerance.

Cost and insurance coverage patterns in 2026

As of April 2026, list prices before insurance:

  • Trulicity: $950-$1,050 per month (4 pens)
  • Mounjaro: $1,070-$1,130 per month (4 pens)
  • Zepbound: $1,060-$1,120 per month (4 pens)

Insurance coverage patterns:

For type 2 diabetes:

  • Most commercial plans cover both Trulicity and Mounjaro with prior authorization
  • Medicare Part D covers both; formulary tier varies by plan
  • Medicaid coverage varies by state; many states cover Trulicity more readily than Mounjaro due to earlier approval and established use

For weight loss:

  • Trulicity: not covered (off-label use)
  • Mounjaro: rarely covered (off-label use)
  • Zepbound: covered by approximately 40% of commercial plans as of Q1 2026, usually with BMI ≥30 or BMI ≥27 + comorbidity requirement and prior authorization

Manufacturer savings programs:

  • Trulicity: Lilly offers a savings card reducing copay to $25/month for commercially insured patients
  • Mounjaro/Zepbound: Lilly offers a savings card reducing copay to $25/month for up to 13 fills for commercially insured patients (not available for Medicare/Medicaid)

Compounded alternatives:

Compounded tirzepatide through FormBlends and similar platforms typically costs $350-$550 per month depending on dose. Compounded dulaglutide is less commonly available; most compounding pharmacies focus on semaglutide and tirzepatide due to higher demand.

The cost difference between brand-name Trulicity and Mounjaro is minimal. The coverage difference for weight loss is substantial: Zepbound has an on-label indication, Trulicity does not.

What most articles get wrong about GIP receptor activation

Most comparison articles state that Mounjaro "adds GIP" to GLP-1 and leave it at that. This misses the more interesting mechanistic question: why does GIP addition help?

The common misconception is that GIP simply "does the same thing as GLP-1 but more." That's incorrect. GIP and GLP-1 have overlapping but distinct effects:

Where GLP-1 and GIP overlap:

  • Both enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Both are secreted by intestinal cells in response to food
  • Both have short native half-lives (minutes) and require modification for therapeutic use

Where GIP differs from GLP-1:

  • GIP does not slow gastric emptying when administered alone (Meier et al., Diabetes, 2002)
  • GIP does not reduce appetite when administered as monotherapy in humans (Miyawaki et al., Diabetes, 2002)
  • GIP increases energy expenditure in adipose tissue; GLP-1 does not (Samms et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2021)
  • GIP has anabolic effects on bone; GLP-1 does not (Bergmann et al., Bone, 2020)

The paradox: GIP alone doesn't cause weight loss. GLP-1 alone causes modest weight loss. GIP + GLP-1 together cause dramatic weight loss.

The current mechanistic hypothesis (Frias et al., Cell Metabolism, 2023): GIP receptor activation in adipose tissue shifts metabolism toward fat oxidation and away from fat storage, but only in the context of caloric deficit. GLP-1 creates the caloric deficit through appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying. GIP then amplifies the weight loss by increasing the proportion of weight lost from fat vs lean mass and by preventing the metabolic adaptation (reduced energy expenditure) that normally limits weight loss.

This is why tirzepatide shows better body composition outcomes than GLP-1 monotherapy. It's not just "more weight loss," it's "more fat loss with better lean mass preservation."

The practical implication: patients who have poor weight loss response to GLP-1 agonists due to metabolic adaptation may respond better to tirzepatide because the GIP component counteracts the adaptation. This is an active area of research but not yet proven in controlled trials.

The clinical decision framework: which medication for which patient

The choice between dulaglutide and tirzepatide depends on treatment goals, insurance coverage, and patient-specific factors.

Choose Trulicity (dulaglutide) when:

  • Primary goal is glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, and weight loss is secondary
  • Patient has established cardiovascular disease and wants a medication with proven CV risk reduction (REWIND trial showed 12% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events)
  • Insurance covers Trulicity but not Mounjaro/Zepbound
  • Patient is older (>70) and weight loss is not a priority or may be undesirable
  • Patient has a history of severe nausea on other medications and wants the lowest effective GLP-1 dose
  • Cost is a barrier and manufacturer savings programs make Trulicity more accessible

Choose Mounjaro/Zepbound (tirzepatide) when:

  • Weight loss is the primary or co-primary goal alongside glycemic control
  • Patient has obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with complications
  • Patient has tried GLP-1 monotherapy (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide) with suboptimal weight loss (<5% at 6 months)
  • Patient has significant visceral adiposity or fatty liver disease
  • Insurance covers Zepbound for weight management
  • Patient is willing to undergo a longer titration schedule (5-6 months to reach maximum dose vs 3 months for Trulicity)

The switching scenario:

A common pattern: patient starts on Trulicity for diabetes, achieves good A1C control but minimal weight loss, then asks about switching to Mounjaro for additional weight loss. This is reasonable if:

  • A1C is at goal on Trulicity (switching won't compromise glycemic control)
  • Patient has been on Trulicity for at least 12 weeks and weight has plateaued
  • Patient understands the switch will require re-titration and may cause recurrent nausea
  • Insurance will cover Mounjaro or patient can access compounded tirzepatide

The typical protocol: stop Trulicity, wait 1 week (to allow washout given the 5-day half-life), start Mounjaro at 2.5 mg weekly, titrate per standard schedule. Do not start at a higher dose even if the patient was on Trulicity 4.5 mg; the GIP component requires fresh adaptation.

When switching from Trulicity to Mounjaro makes sense

Switching is most successful when driven by unmet treatment goals, not by marketing or trend-chasing.

Strong clinical rationale for switching:

  1. Plateau weight on Trulicity. Patient has been on maximum tolerated dose (1.5-4.5 mg) for 16+ weeks, weight loss has stopped, and BMI remains ≥27 with complications or ≥30 without.
  1. Suboptimal A1C despite maximum Trulicity dose. A1C remains >7% on Trulicity 4.5 mg weekly. Tirzepatide's dual mechanism may provide additional glycemic benefit.
  1. Insurance change. Patient's new insurance covers Mounjaro/Zepbound but not Trulicity, or vice versa.
  1. Desire for proven greater weight loss. Patient has realistic expectations (understands switching requires re-titration, may cause side effects, and weight loss is not guaranteed) and has specific weight-related health goals (joint pain, sleep apnea, fatty liver).

Weak or inappropriate rationale for switching:

  1. Curiosity or "trying the new thing." Switching medications always carries risk of side effects and adaptation period. Do it for outcomes, not novelty.
  1. Switching after only 4-8 weeks on Trulicity. Neither medication shows full effect before 12-16 weeks. Premature switching prevents you from knowing whether the first medication would have worked.
  1. Switching to avoid side effects. The side effect profiles are similar. If you have severe nausea on Trulicity, you'll likely have severe nausea on Mounjaro.
  1. Switching because "everyone is on Ozempic/Mounjaro now." Social proof is not clinical rationale.

The data on switching outcomes is limited. A 2024 retrospective analysis (Patel et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism) followed 412 patients who switched from dulaglutide to tirzepatide. At 24 weeks post-switch:

  • 68% achieved additional weight loss (mean 6.2 kg beyond Trulicity endpoint)
  • 22% maintained weight without additional loss
  • 10% regained weight
  • 14% discontinued tirzepatide due to side effects

Predictors of additional weight loss: younger age (<55), shorter duration on dulaglutide (<12 months), and higher baseline BMI (≥35).

Compounded tirzepatide vs compounded dulaglutide availability

As of April 2026, tirzepatide remains on the FDA drug shortage list, making compounded tirzepatide legally available under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Dulaglutide is not on the shortage list.

Compounded tirzepatide:

  • Widely available through FormBlends and other telehealth platforms
  • Typical cost: $350-$550/month depending on dose
  • Supplied as lyophilized powder requiring reconstitution or as pre-mixed solution
  • Dosing flexibility: providers can prescribe intermediate doses (e.g., 6 mg, 8 mg) not available in brand-name pens
  • Not FDA-approved; prepared by state-licensed 503A compounding pharmacies

Compounded dulaglutide:

  • Rarely available; low demand due to preference for semaglutide and tirzepatide
  • Some compounding pharmacies offer it at $300-$450/month
  • Same reconstitution requirements as compounded tirzepatide
  • Not FDA-approved

The practical reality: patients seeking compounded GLP-1 medications almost always choose semaglutide or tirzepatide over dulaglutide because:

  1. Semaglutide has the longest track record and most published data
  2. Tirzepatide has the strongest weight loss outcomes
  3. Dulaglutide sits in an awkward middle ground (better than nothing, not as good as the other two)

If brand-name cost is the barrier and you're choosing between compounded options, compounded semaglutide and compounded tirzepatide are both more available and better studied than compounded dulaglutide.

Compounding legality note: Compounding is legal only while the brand-name product is on the FDA shortage list. If Eli Lilly resolves the tirzepatide shortage and FDA removes it from the list, compounded tirzepatide will become illegal to prescribe except in narrow circumstances (patient-specific allergy to inactive ingredients, etc.). Dulaglutide has never been on shortage, so compounded dulaglutide exists in a gray zone of legality.

FAQ

Are Trulicity and Mounjaro the same medication? No. Trulicity contains dulaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Mounjaro contains tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist. They have different molecular structures, mechanisms, and clinical effects.

Is Mounjaro stronger than Trulicity? Yes, for weight loss. Head-to-head trials show Mounjaro produces 15-21% weight loss vs 3-6% for Trulicity at 40 weeks. For A1C reduction, Mounjaro is modestly stronger (2.3% reduction vs 1.9%), but the difference is smaller than for weight loss.

Can I switch from Trulicity to Mounjaro? Yes. Stop Trulicity, wait 1 week, then start Mounjaro at the 2.5 mg starter dose. Do not start at a higher dose even if you were on high-dose Trulicity. Work with your provider to manage the transition.

Which is better for diabetes, Trulicity or Mounjaro? Mounjaro produces slightly greater A1C reduction (2.0-2.3% vs 1.5-1.9% in trials), but both are effective. Trulicity has proven cardiovascular risk reduction in the REWIND trial. Mounjaro's cardiovascular outcomes trial results are expected in 2027.

Which is better for weight loss, Trulicity or Mounjaro? Mounjaro. It produces 3-4 times more weight loss than Trulicity in head-to-head trials. Mounjaro is FDA-approved for weight loss (under the brand name Zepbound). Trulicity is not approved for weight management.

Do Trulicity and Mounjaro have the same side effects? Mostly. Both cause nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation at similar rates. Mounjaro shows slightly higher rates of decreased appetite, which correlates with its greater weight loss effect.

Is Mounjaro more expensive than Trulicity? List prices are similar ($950-$1,130/month). Insurance coverage determines out-of-pocket cost. Both have manufacturer savings programs reducing copay to $25/month for commercially insured patients.

Can I take Trulicity and Mounjaro together? No. Both medications work through GLP-1 receptor activation. Taking them together would increase side effects without additional benefit and is not recommended or studied.

How long does it take to see results on Trulicity vs Mounjaro? Both show initial weight loss and A1C reduction within 4 weeks. Maximum effect appears at 12-16 weeks for Trulicity and 20-28 weeks for Mounjaro (due to longer titration schedule). Weight loss continues longer on Mounjaro (up to 72 weeks in trials).

Does Trulicity work faster than Mounjaro? No. Trulicity reaches maintenance dose faster (4-12 weeks vs 20-24 weeks for Mounjaro), but Mounjaro shows greater total effect by the time both reach steady state.

Can I use Trulicity for weight loss if I don't have diabetes? Trulicity is not FDA-approved for weight loss. Prescribing it off-label for weight management in non-diabetic patients is possible but usually not covered by insurance. Zepbound (tirzepatide) is the on-label choice for weight loss without diabetes.

What happens if I miss a dose of Trulicity or Mounjaro? For both medications: if you remember within 3 days of the missed dose, take it as soon as possible then resume your regular schedule. If more than 3 days have passed, skip the missed dose and take the next dose on the regular day. Do not double dose.

Sources

  1. Frías JP et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
  2. Coskun T et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Science Translational Medicine. 2021.
  3. Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022.
  4. Ludvik B et al. Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec as add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2022.
  5. Wadden TA et al. Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity. Nature Medicine. 2023.
  6. Thomas MK et al. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, improves markers of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2023.
  7. Meier JJ et al. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide does not inhibit gastric emptying in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002.
  8. Miyawaki K et al. Glucose intolerance caused by a defect in the entero-insular axis: a study in gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor knockout mice. Diabetes. 2002.
  9. Samms RJ et al. GIPR agonism mediates weight-independent insulin sensitization by tirzepatide in obese mice. Science Translational Medicine. 2021.
  10. Bergmann NC et al. Effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism on bone markers and calcium homeostasis. Bone. 2020.
  11. Frias JP et al. The sustained effects of a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, NNC0090-2746, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cell Metabolism. 2023.
  12. Patel KV et al. Real-world outcomes of switching from GLP-1 receptor agonists to tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2024.
  13. Gerstein HC et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND). Lancet. 2019.
  14. Davies MJ et al. Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-2). Diabetes Care. 2023.

Platform Disclaimer. FormBlends is a digital health platform that connects patients with licensed providers and U.S.-based pharmacies. We do not manufacture, prescribe, or dispense medication directly. All clinical decisions are made by independent licensed providers.

Compounded Medication Notice. Compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide are not FDA-approved. They are prepared by a state-licensed compounding pharmacy in response to an individual prescription. Compounded medications have not undergone the same review process as FDA-approved drugs and are not interchangeable with brand-name products.

Results Disclaimer. Individual results vary. Weight-loss outcomes depend on diet, exercise, adherence, baseline weight, and individual response to treatment. Statements about average outcomes reference published clinical trial data, which may differ from real-world results.

Trademark Notice. Trulicity, Mounjaro, and Zepbound are registered trademarks of Eli Lilly and Company. FormBlends is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company.

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